Labs 10 11

Question 1

gastropoda characteristics

Answer 1

well-developed head with eyes and tentacles, torsion during development, mostly marine but some freshwater and terrestrial

Question 2

gastropoda examples

Answer 2

snails, slugs, nudibranchs

Question 3

bivalvia characteristics

Answer 3

two part hinged shell, reduced head, marine or freshwater filter feeders

Question 4

bivalvia examples

Answer 4

clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

Question 5

polyplacophora characteristics

Answer 5

dorsal shell with eight overlapping plates, ventral body with head-foot, marine

Question 6

polyplacophora example

Answer 6

chitons

Question 7

scaphopoda characteristics

Answer 7

body enclosed into single piece curved conical shell (open at ends), mouth with tentacles but no head, marine

Question 8

scaphopoda example

Answer 8

tusk shells

Question 9

cephalopoda characteristics

Answer 9

foot modified into tentacles with reduced internal shell, prominent head with eyes and beak developed, highly active marine predators with circulatory system

Question 10

cephalopoda examples

Answer 10

squids, octopuses, nautiluses

Question 11

features of freshwater clam that allow it to thrive sedentary and aquatic

Answer 11

depends on constant water flow for acquiring oxygen/nutrients and releasing gametes/waste

Question 12

excretory organ of bivalves

Answer 12

anus

Question 13

reason for strong adductor muscles in bivalves

Answer 13

to prevent predators from prying shells open easily

Question 14

functions of clam gills

Answer 14

extract oxygen and food from water, filter larger debris, release CO2, location of pouches for brooding eggs

Question 15

reason for more sensory structures on cephalopods than bivalves

Answer 15

highly active predators, so cephalopods have more need for eyes and external sensing

Question 16

functional difference between clam and squid gills

Answer 16

squids have closed circulatory system (not just bathed in blood, have systemic heart and two branchial

Question 17

major characteristics of mollusks

Answer 17

protective shell, mantle, visceral mass, foot

Question 18

difference in feet between families of mollusca

Answer 18

bivalve foot is a single mass evolved toward digging, gastropoda is a single mass evolved toward digging, cephalopod modified into several tentacles with suckers for locomotion and prey capture

Question 19

features of squids that make them successful predators

Answer 19

well-developed camera like eye, one of fastest invertebrates on earth, use chromatophores to blend in to surroundings

Question 20

advantages of freshwater clams parasitic larvae attaching to fish gills

Answer 20

stockpile nutrients from host until they are ready to complete development

Question 21

adaptive radiation definition

Answer 21

new biological niches and rapid change lead to rapid expansion of new species developed from a common ancestor

Question 22

polychaeta characteristics

Answer 22

diverse segmented worms with parapodia (projecting side flaps and setae) and well-developed head

Question 23

polychaeta examples

Answer 23

sandworms, fanworms, tubeworms, lugworms

Question 24

oligochaeta characteristics

Answer 24

freeliving worms living in freshwater or damp soil, many have short bristly setae

Question 25

oligochaeta examples

Answer 25

earthworms, blackworms, angleworms

Question 26

details about ability to burrow in soil oligochaeta

Answer 26

prostomium to keep dirt out of mouth, setae structured in a way so worm can mostly only move one direction

Question 27

reproductive features of oligochaeta

Answer 27

hermaphroditic, clitellum part of process (swollen band)

Question 28

organs that are exemplary segmentation in earthworms

Answer 28

hearts, nephrida, ventral nerve cords and blood vessels

Question 29

clitellata subclass hirudinea characteristics

Answer 29

segmented ectoparasites (attach to outside of body), primarily freshwater, anterior and posterior suckers

Question 30

locomotion of leeches

Answer 30

alternatively attaching and detaching suckers, no setae

Question 31

function of leech anterior sucker

Answer 31

used for locomotion and feeding, releases anesthetic and anticoagulant

Question 32

function of leech posterior sucker

Answer 32

used for locomotion and waste disposal, holding on to organism during feeding

Question 33

compare leech and earthworm movement

Answer 33

both through contraction and expansion of muscle, but leeches use suckers while earthworms have setae to secure surroundings