Language Flashcards
VOT and cat perception
Innate categorization of un/voiced consonants
infants dont dishabituate if change VOT within cat, do if between cats
Have categorical perception! many animal have VOT cat percept too
Lang speicifc refiniment
fully naturalized around 10-12 months
universal listener at first
not sure how, maybe dists but its messy
Segmenting sounds/words
Prob do transitional probabilities
stat. learning
syllable transitions
Can remember words even if don’t know meaning (head turn preference story words)
12 months know word sounds and 2-3 dozen meanings
Speech Devo
6-8 weeks cooing
2-3 mo (velar cons)
4-6 mo (labial alveolar cons)
6-8 canonical babling (bababab)
11 months variegated babbling (dabibu)
1st year first words
Word learning
Concrete nouns first
Easier to identify referents
Phon. encoding
children know how word supposed to sound (ball/gall, look less for gall)
children try to improve own pron.
Referent identification
prob not a corr. matrix of word and referent (too many obj/features, fast mapping is a thing (one trial learning))
ling constraints on hypo space - biased against certain meaning, whole object assume, mutual exclusivity, likely! Also, syntactic bootstrapping helps with meaning (trans/intrans verbs)
Third theory of social learning, social cues for word meanings
Category identification
how to extend category
use shape, but depends on domain
solid shapes use shape
substance use substance
shape, composition, function, intention
Word sentence devo
one word 1 year
first word combos, just two words stuck together like 1 word sentences
16 mo 2 word sentences
Correlates with using gestures to supplement the word meaning (not complement same meaning, supplement additional info)
telegraphic and
set constructions (X please)
Devo of morphology
Use irregular, use regular, Overgeneralize, learn irregulars
Test by using wug test
Learn quicker if the system is simpler!
Syntactic devo
word order of agent/theme learned 1.5 years (I gorped the bunny)
Learn rules based on GRAMMAR CATEGORY patterns, not individual tokens
(NP VP NP)
Evidence of learning with phrases in ambiguities
18 months listen longer to grammatical sentences (15 mo don’t) LEARN BY CATEGORY PHRASES
Constrains on learning (UG)
Evidence
Parents don’t explicity teach lang
Children resist correction
Everybody learns lang
Errors are gramm. in other langs (brain wants to do it)
Poverty of Stimulus Principle (lang too complicated to NOT have some innate constraints)
Example of a hard rule is coreference, 3 year olds get it though
Learning 2 langs
not confused, can do it
code mix, bc parents code mix
dont’ need to do one parent one lang
kids will learn both IF THEY HAVE ENOUGH EXPERIENCE
learn early, some delays in vocab only bc learning TWO vocabs
Crit period
age corr’d, later = do worse
Immersion corr’d immersion do better
learn then asymptote on performance
somewhere around 18 years
Animals and Lang
Not entirely novel/combinatorial like us but close
Can’t learn to VOICE talk, do ASL/point
Symbol board, could understand vocab and object/agent action patterns (8 years oldlevel)
Why don’t animals talk - no need, no cog to produce, no desire
