Language and occupation

Question 1

What are the four Sentence moods?

Answer 1

Imperative
Declarative
Exclamative
Interrogative

Question 2

What is an imperative

Answer 2

a command or instruction

Question 3

What is a declarative

Answer 3

statement

Question 4

What is an exclamative

Answer 4

starts with what or how but is not an interrogative

Question 5

What is an interrogative

Answer 5

a question

Question 6

Grice’s Maxim

Answer 6

Maxim of Quality
Maxim of Quantity
Maxim of Relation
Maxim of Manner

Question 7

what is the Maxim of quality

Answer 7

we have to tell the truth or something that is provable by adequate evidence

Question 8

What is the maxim of quantity

Answer 8

We should not say too much or too little

Question 9

What is the maxim of relation

Answer 9

response has to be relevant to the topic

Question 10

What is the maxim of manner

Answer 10

we have to avoid ambiguity or obscurity - we should be direct and straightforward.

Question 11

Politeness

Answer 11

politeness principle - robin Lakoff - don’t impose, give options, make the receiver feel good.
Face theory - IIrving Goffman
Negative face - feel independent and have freedom
Positive face - to feel appreciated, valued, and liked
face threatening act
Negative politeness strategies.

Question 12

Occupational discourse consists of:

Answer 12

persuasive discourse
instructional discourse
Informative discourse
Transactional discourse

Question 13

What is the plain english campaign?

Answer 13

A campaign made in attempt to prevent exclusionary language and have a ‘plain english’ that all can understand without needing to have specialist knowledge.

Question 14

Howard Giles 1973

Answer 14

Accommodation theory
convergence -> brings speech closer to that of another person
Divergence -> seperates speech from another person.

Question 15

Fairclough 1989

Answer 15

Language and power
4 language devices used to exert power over another:
1) interruption - powerful person can interrupt and question while weaker is subjected to responding
2) Enforcing explicitness - powerful person can demand explicit and clear answers
3) Controlling topic - topic is controlled and diverted by powerful person
4) Formulation - summarising the weaker person
Can be remembered as FICE

Question 16

Drew and Heritage 1992

Answer 16

Institutional interaction
involves orientation by at least one of the participants to some core goal, task or activity conversationally associated with the occupation in question.
- may involve special and particular constraints
- inferential frameworks particular to contexts

Question 17

Occupational register or jargon

Answer 17

words / phrases only used in particular occupation or occasion

Question 18

What are the five effects of occupational register or jargon

Answer 18

1) can strengthen the bonds within an organisation
2) can make speaker sound knowledgeable if the listener is not aware of the jargon
3) can mask inexperience / lack of expertise
4) can be used to exclude and confuse outsiders
5) can help to speed up communication by using terms to explain complex ideas

Question 19

Examples of acronyms used by the police

Answer 19

APA - association of police authority
CJU - criminal justice unit

Question 20

Examples of acronyms used in teaching

Answer 20

MEG - minimum expected grade
SEND - special educational needs and disability