Laptops

Question 1

SO-DIMM

Answer 1

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module
- Memory form factor common in laptops and cellular devices.
- Often easy to install.

Question 2

SSD

Answer 2

Solid-State Drive
- Increased speed
- Less latency
- Silent (no moving parts)

Question 3

LCD

Answer 3

Liquid Crystal Display
- Backlit (Florescent, LED, etc.)
1. TN (Twisted Nematic)
- Original LCD tech
- Fast response times (gaming!)
- Poor viewing angles - color shifts
2. IPS (In Plane Switching)
- Excellent color representation
- More expensive to produce than TN
3. VA (Vertical Alignment)
- A good compromise between TN & IPS
- Good color representation
- Slower response times than TN

Question 4

OLED

Answer 4

Organic Light emitting Diode
- Organic compound emits light (no backlight)
- Thinner & Lighter
- Very accurate color
- More expensive

Question 5

GSM

Answer 5

Global System for Mobile Communications
- Mobile networking standard
was 90% of the market
- Originally an EU standard
- Worldwide coverage
Used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the US
- Move your SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module) from phone to phone
Original GSM standard used Multiplexing
- Everyone gets a little slice of time

Question 6

2G Networks

Answer 6

Consisted of 2 global standards:
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

Question 7

CDMA

Answer 7

Code Division Multiple Access
- Everyone communicates at the same time
- Each call uses a different code
- The codes are used to filter each call on the receiving side
Used by Verizon & Sprint
- Handsets are controlled by the network provider
- Not much adopter elsewhere

Question 8

3G technology

Answer 8

3rd Generation introduced in 1998
Upgraded data connectivity over 2G
- Incremental 3G updates improved speeds
- Usually several megabits per second
Bandwidth improvement allowed new functionality
- GPS
- Mobile TV
- Video on demand

Question 9

4G and LTE

Answer 9

Long Term Evolution (LTE)
- A “4G” technology
- Converged standard (GSM and CDMA providers)
- Based on GSM and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
- Standard supports download rates of 150 Mbits/s
LTE-A (LTE Advanced)
- Standard supports download rates of 300 Mbit/s

Question 10

5G

Answer 10

Fifth Generation cellular networking
- Launched worldwide in 2020
Significant performance improvements
- At higher frequencies

Question 11

PRL

Answer 11

Preferred Roaming List
- Tells your mobile device where appropriate towers are for the network you are using.
- OTA (Over The Air) update keeps list current

Question 12

WiFi Hot Spot

Answer 12

Extends your cellular data network to devices using 802.11
- If provider supports Mobile Hot Spots it may be at an additional charge

Question 13

GPS

Answer 13

Global Positioning System:
Created by the US Department of Defense
- Over 30 satellites currently in orbit.
Precise Navigation
- Need to see at least 4 satellites
Determines location based on timing differences
- Longitude, Latitude, Altitude
Mobile device location services and geotracking
- Maps, directions
- Determine physical location based on GPS, WiFi, and cell towers

Question 14

MDM

Answer 14

Mobile Device Management:
Manage company-owned and user-owned mobile devices
Centralized management of mobile devices
- Specialized functionality
Set policies on apps, data, camera, etc.
- Control the remote device
- The entire device or “partition”
Manage access control
- Force screen locks and PINs on these single user devices
Corporate Email Configuration
- Configured for user
- MDM makes changes
- Account details, server address, communication method
2-factor authentication
- Require specific authentication types
- Biometrics, pseudo-random authentication app
Corporate Apps
- Allow or restrict app installation
- Prevent unauthorized app usage

Question 15

TCP

Answer 15

Transmission Control Protocol:
Connection-oriented
- A formal connection setup and close
“Reliable” delivery
- Recovery from errors
- Can manage out-of-order messages or retransmissions
Flow control
-The receiver can manage how much data is sent

Question 16

UDP

Answer 16

User Datagram Protocol
Connectionless
- No formal open or close to the connection
“Unreliable” delivery
- No error recovery
- No reordering of data or retransmissions
No flow control
- Sender determines the amount of data transmitted
Real-time communication
- No way to stop or resend data
- Time doesn’t stop for your network
Connectionless protocols
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
The data might not get through
- The application keeps track and decides what to do
- It might not do anything

Question 17

Ephemeral ports

Answer 17

ports 1,024 - 65,535
Temporary port numbers
Determined in real time by the client

Question 18

Non-ephemeral ports

Answer 18

Ports 0 - 1,023
Permanent port numbers
Usually on a server or service

Question 19

FTP

Answer 19

File Transfer Protocol
tcp/20 (active mode data)
tcp/21 (control)
Transfers files between systems
Authenticates with a username and password
- Some systems use a generic/anonymous login
Full-featured functionality
- List, add, delete, etc.

Question 20

SSH

Answer 20

Secure Shell:
Provides a terminal/commandline front end connection to a remote device
Our end shows as plain text, data sent is encrypted.
Encrypted communication link - tcp/22
Looks and acts the same as Telnet

Question 21

Telnet

Answer 21

Telecommunication Network protocol
tcp/23
Login to devices remotely
-Console access
In-the-clear communication
- Not the best choice for production systems

Question 22

SMTP

Answer 22

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol:
tcp/25
server to server email transfer
Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server
- Commonly configurated on mobile devices and email
Other protocols are used for clients to receive email
- IMAP, POP3

Question 23

DNS

Answer 23

Domain Name System:
udp/53
Converts names to IP addresses

Question 24

DHCP

Answer 24

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol:
udp/67, udp/68
Required a DHCP server
- Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc.
Dynamic / pooled
- IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool
- Each system is given a lease and must renew at set intervals
DHCP reservation
- Addresses are assigned by MAC address in the DHCP server
- Manage addresses from one location

Question 25

HTTP

Answer 25

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
tcp/80
Web server communication
- In the clear
- Supported by nearly all web servers and clients
- Communication in the browser
- And by other applications

Question 26

HTTPS

Answer 26

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
tcp/443
Web server communication with encryption
- Secure
-Supported by nearly all web servers and clients

Question 27

POP3

Answer 27

Post Office Protocol 3:
tcp/110
- Basic mail transfer functionality

Question 28

IMAP4

Answer 28

Internet Message Access Protocol v4:
tcp/143
- Includes management of email inbox from multiple clients

Question 29

SMB

Answer 29

Server Message Block:
Protocol used by Windows
- File sharing, printer sharing
- Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)
OLDER Windows machines use NetBIOS over TCP/IP
(Network Basic Input/Output System)
udp/137 - NetBIOS name services (nbname)
udp/139 - NetBIOS session service (nbsession)
MODERN Windows machines use direct connection using TCP/IP
tcp/445
Direct SMB communication over TCP w/o the NetBIOS transfer

Question 30

SNMP

Answer 30

Simple Network Management Protocol:
Gather statistics from network devices
Queries: udp/161 (send queries for performance details and receive metrics in return)
Traps: udp/162 (An alert sent if infrastructure device exceeds set metrics)

Question 31

SNMP Versions

Answer 31

v1 - The origional
- Structured tables
- In-the-clear
v2 - A good step ahead
- Data type enhancements
- Authentication
- Encryption

Question 32

LDAP

Answer 32

Lightweight Directory Protocol:
tcp/389
Store and retrieve information in a network directory
- Commonly used in Microsoft Active Directory

Question 33

RDP

Answer 33

Remote Desktop Protocol:
tcp/3389
Share a desktop from a remote location
Remote Desktop Services on many Windows versions
Can connect to an entire desktop or just an application
Client for Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix, iPhone, Android, and others