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Operating Systems > Last Quiz > Flashcards

Last Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is a file

A

Contiguous logical address space

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2
Q

What are the types of data stored in files

A

Numeric
Character
Binary

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3
Q

What are some attributes of files?

A

Name
Identifier
Type
Location
Size
Protection
Time, date and user identification

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4
Q

What are some file operations?

A

Create
Write
Read
Reposition within file, ie seek
Delete
Truncate
Open
Close

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5
Q

What is needed to manage open files?

A

Open file table
File pointer
File open count
Disk location of the file
Access rights

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6
Q

What is the Open File Tables?

A

Tracks open files

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7
Q

What is the File Pointer?

A

Pointer to last read/write location per process that has the file open

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8
Q

What is the File open count?

A

Counter of number of times a file is open to allow removal of data from open file table when last processes closes

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9
Q

What is the disk location of the file?

A

The cache of data access information

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10
Q

What is the Access rights?

A

Per process access mode information

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11
Q

How is file locking implemented?

A

Use shared locks and exclusive locks similar to reader writer locks

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12
Q

What is the difference between mandatory file locking and advisory file locking?

A

In mandatory file locking access is denied depending on locks held and requested and advisory processes can find statuses of locks and decided what to do

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13
Q

What are the two usual access methods?

A

Sequential access, and direct access

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14
Q

In sequential access how is the file read?

A

Byte by byte in order

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15
Q

In direct access how is the file read?

A

The pointer shifts to the position specified by the input

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16
Q

What is the entity containing file system known as?

A

Volume

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17
Q

What does each volume track in the file systems info?

A

The device directory or the volume table or contents.

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18
Q

What is a directory structure?

A

A collection of node containing information about all files

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19
Q

A directory structure is organized logically to obtain what?

A

Efficiency, naming and grouping

20
Q

How is a single level directory organized?

A

By having a single directory for all users

21
Q

How is a two level directory organized?

A

Each user has a separate directory

22
Q

How is an acyclic graph directories organized?

A

By having shared subdirectories and files

23
Q

What is a File structure?

A

A logical storage unit and collection of related information

24
Q

Where does the file system reside on?

A

Secondary storage

25
Q

What is the file control block?

A

A storage structure consisting of information about a file

26
Q

What is the device driver?

A

Controls the physical device

27
Q

What is the layers of the file system?

A

Application programs->logical file system-> file organization module->basic file system-> I/O control->devices

28
Q

What do device drivers do?

A

Manage I/O devices at the I/O control layer

29
Q

What does the basic file system do?

A

Converts commands to the device drivers

30
Q

What does the file organization module do?

A

Understands files logical addresses and physical blocks

31
Q

What does the logical file system do?

A

Manage metadata information
Translates file names into file numbers, file handles, location by maintaining file control blocks.

32
Q

What is typically held in the File Control Block?

A

Data blocks, permissions, size, and dates

33
Q

What are mount tables?

A

They store file system mounts, mount points, and file system types

34
Q

What does the directory structure do?

A

Organizes the files

35
Q

What does the system wide open file table do?

A

Contains a copy of the FCB of each file and other info

36
Q

What is the Per process open file table?

A

It contains pointers to appropriate entries in the system wide open file table as well as other info

37
Q

What are the two ways a directory may be implemented?

A

With a Linear list or with a hash table.

38
Q

What is the benefits and downsides of implementing a directory with a linear list?

A

Benefit: simple to implement
Downside: Linear search time (ie time consuming)

39
Q

What is the benefits and downsides of implementing a directory with a Hash Table?

A

Benefit: Reduces the search time
Downside: Has to deal with collisions and only useful if the entries are a fixed sized or uses chained overflow method

40
Q

What are the three allocation methods?

A

Contiguous, linked, indexed

41
Q

What are the benefits and downsides of using the contiguous allocation method?

A

Benefit: Best performance, and simple to implement
Downside: Need to find space on the disk for a file, knowing the file size ahead of time may be difficult, external fragmentation (need a compaction method)

42
Q

What are the benefits and downsides of using the linked allocation method?

A

Benefit: No external fragmentation, improves efficiency of space usage
Downside: Unreliable, locating a block can take a while, must still deal with internal fragmentation

43
Q

What are the benefits and downsides of using the indexed allocation method?

A

Benefit: Simple, versatile
Downside: Can improve throughput through clustering

44
Q

What are extent based file systems?

A

File systems that allocate disk blocks in extents, where an extent is a contiguous block of disks

45
Q

What is the free space list?

A

A list that keeps track of available blocks.

46
Q

What are some ways to recover data from disks?

A

Consistency checking, backing up and restoring the data from the backup

Operating Systems (6 decks)

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