LE 2.01- Acid/Base Definitions And Strengths

Question 1

What is the ARRHENIUS definition of ACIDS?

Answer 1

Acids are compounds which BREAK APART (ionize or dissociate) to give of H+ ion that in turn combines with water.

Question 2

What is the ARRHENIUS definition of BASES?

Answer 2

Bases are compounds that BREAK APART (ionize or dissociates) to give off hydroxide ion, OH-

Question 3

What is the BRONSTED-LOWRY definition of an ACID?

Answer 3

Acids are PROTON DONORS

Question 4

What is the BRONSTED-LOWRY definition of BASES?

Answer 4

Bases are PROTON ACCEPTORS

Question 5

What is the LEWIS definition of ACIDS?

Answer 5

Acids are electron pair ACCEPTORS

Question 6

What is the LEWIS definition of BASES?

Answer 6

Bases are electron pair donators.

Question 7

What is the difference between a STRONG AND WEAK ACID?

Answer 7

Strong acids ionize completely in water to create hydronium ion while weak acids only ionize partially. In terms of chemical reactions, strong acid reactions go to completion with all products while weak acid reactions are at equilibrium (mix of reactants and products).

Question 8

What is the difference between a STRONG AND WEAK BASE?

Answer 8

Strong bases disassociate completely to give off OH-, whereas weak bases will disassociate or react only partially.

Question 9

Name the STRONG ACIDS

Answer 9

HCl (Hydrochloric acid), HBr (Hydrobromic Acid), HI (Hydroiodic Acid), HClO4 (Perchloric), HClO3 (Chloric Acid), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid),HNO3 (Nitric Acid)

Question 10

Name the STRONG BASES

Answer 10

LiOH (Lithium Hydroxide), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), KOH (potassium Hydroxide), RbOH (Rubidium Hydroxide), CsOH (Cesium Hydroxide), Ca(OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide), Sr(OH)2 (Strontium hydroxide), Ba(OH)2 (Barium Hydroxide)

Question 11

What is the definition of a BINARY ACID and how do you name one?

Answer 11

1) An acid that contains H plus one other element.
2) Hydro(insert other element)ic acid.

Question 12

What is the definition of an ORGANIC (carboxylic) ACID?

Answer 12

An acid that contains carboxyl group (-COOH). The H that is apart of the carboxyl group is the only one that is likely to be donated and is therefore the only H that is considered acidic.

Question 13

What is the definition of a TERNARY ACID and how do you name one?

Answer 13

1) A ternary acid contains three elements plus one H that is connected to oxygen.
2) For PA ions ending in -ate, shift to “-ic acid”. For PA ions ending in -ite, shift to “-ous acid”.

Question 14

What is the definition of a MONOPROMATIC ACID?

Answer 14

An acid with 1 acidic proton.

Question 15

What is the definition of a POLYPROTIC ACID?

Answer 15

An acid that has more than 1 acidic proton.