Learning objectives chapter 6 Flashcards
Describe the major function movement of the skeletal system.
Movement: Our muscles aid in movement via the attachment they have to bones. When muscles contract, they pull on the bones, which generates movement around a joint.
Describe the major function protection of the skeletal system.
Protection: Like the skull protects the brain, the skeletal system protects the bodies organs. Bone is one of the hardest substances in the body and it provides a good strong “shell” for organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lungs, an example of the Structure-Function Core Principle
Describe the major function fat storage of the skeletal system.
Fat storage: yellow bone marrow, contains adipocytes with stored triglycerides. Fatty acids from the breakdown of these triglycerides can be released and used as fuel by cells if necessary.
Describe the major function mineral storage and acid base homeostasis of the skeletal system.
Mineral storage and acid-base homeostasis: Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts. These minerals, also found in the blood as electrolytes, acids, and bases, are vital to the maintenance of electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body.
Describe the major function support of the skeletal system.
Support: The skeleton supports the weight of the body and provides its structural framework.
Describe the major function blood cell formation of the skeletal system.
Blood cell formation: Bones house red bone marrow, which is a special form of connective tissue. In this tissue, the process of Hematopoiesis; hemato- = “blood,” poiesis- = “to make” or formation of blood cells, takes place.
Identify the microscopic structure of compact bone.
This bone tissue is dense and fully packed with extracellular matrix, you’ll find this tissue around the perimeter of the bone.
Identify the microscopic structure of spongy bone.
This type of tissue is also called cancellous bone tissue. This bone tissue has a sponge like appearance, and is filled into the epiphysis and then lines the diaphysis but has been hollowed out. Hollowed out space is called the marrow or medullary cavity.
Spongy bones main component is that it is filled up with red bone marrow.
Classify an irregular bone based on its shape.
Irregular: Doesn’t fall into the category of any of the other shapes. These are things like your vertebra.
Classify a sesamoid bone based on its shape.
Sesamoid: Has a round appearance, and is also kind of flat. This is a bone found within the tendon, and the bone for reference could be the shape of the patella.
Classify a long bone based on its shape.
Long: This bone is long and slim. This bone would be seen when looking at the humerus or the femur.
Classify a short bone based on its shape.
Short: This bone is more wide than it is long, and found in a lot of areas of the wrist and the ankle bones like the trapezium.
Classify a flat bone based on its shape.
Flat: This bone is broad, flat, and thin. This bone is the shape of the sternum.
Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
Osteoblasts build bone.
- In appositional growth (at bone surface) osteoblasts of inner periosteum deposit osteoid tissue and become trapped in matrix where tissue calcifies.
- Essential in bone growth
- they lay down the matrix in layers parallel to surface.
Osteoclasts destroy bone.
- They are essential for bone remodeling
- Osteoclasts of endosteum enlarge marrow cavity.
Compare and contrast interstitial (lengthwise) and appositional (width or circumferential) growth.
Interstitial: Long bones lengthen by a process known as longitudinal growth. Interestingly, longitudinal growth occurs not from the division of osteocytes or other bone cells, but from the division of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate. Recall from the previous module that the epiphyseal plate is composed of hyaline cartilage that does not ossify during endochondral ossification.
Appositional:
osteoblasts between the periosteum and the bone surface lay down new bone. Appositional bone growth does not initially result in the formation of new osteons; instead, new circumferential lamellae are formed. As these new lamellae are added, the deeper circumferential lamellae are either removed or incorporated into osteons.
