lec 1

Question 1

endocarditis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart

Question 2

thrombophlebitis

Answer 2

veins infection caused by bacteria or fungi or viruses

Question 3

endarteritis

Answer 3

arteries infection caused by bacteria or fungi or viruses

Question 4

intracardiac infection include

Answer 4

1. endocarditis
2. thrombophlebitis
3. endarteritis

Question 5

intracardiac infection caused by

Answer 5

by bacteria > viruses > fungi

Question 6

The organisms responsible for transient bacteremia are

Answer 6

1. the common surface normal flora such as Viridans streptococci (oropharynx)
2. Intravenous drug abuse with S. aureus or a variety of Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Question 7

Viridans streptococci

Answer 7

Is an alpha-hemolytic strepto coccus
it is not capsulated (Not virulent) . But when it migrates from it`s place to blood stream ,and cause sever diseases without treatment and will lead to death .

Question 8

if the infection continues for more than about 2 weeks characterized by

Answer 8

1. Hyperglobulinemia
2. Splenomegaly
3. Appearance of macrophages in the peripheral blood.

Question 9

Intracardiac infections are usually caused by bacteria

that commonly produce

Answer 9

1.constant shedding of M.O. into the Bloodstream
2.continuous
3.low-grade bacteremia (1 to 20 organisms/ml of blood)
in untreated patients.

Question 10

vegetations

Answer 10

a mass of platelets, fibrin, M.O. colonies , and inflammatory cells)

Question 11

infective endocarditis can be in

Answer 11

Valve

Endocardium.

Septal defect

Question 12

several factors that result in infective endocarditis

Answer 12

1. Alteration of endothelium

2. Transient bacteremia

Question 13

what are the effects of alteration of endothelium in develop ie

Answer 13

facilitate colonization by bacteria and

deposition of platelets and fibrin.

Question 14

Viridis‌

Answer 14

Green‌

Question 15

Viridans group of Streptococci on blood agar

Answer 15

á - Haemolytic on blood agar

Question 16

Viridans group of Streptococci Species

Answer 16

S. mitis, mutans, salivarius, sanguis.

Question 17

Viridans group of Streptococci صفاتها

Answer 17

Throat commensals, can cause opportunistic

infections

Question 18

Viridans group of Streptococci reach B Circulation by

Answer 18

Tooth extraction - Transient bacteremia leading to
implantation on damaged/prosthetic heart valves
• Dental caries

Question 19

Tooth extraction - Transient bacteremia leading to

implantation on damaged/prosthetic heart valves Commonest species

Answer 19

sanguis

Question 20

• Dental caries Commonest species

Answer 20

mutants

Question 21

Types of endocarditis

Answer 21

Infective endocarditis

Libman–Sacks endocarditis

Question 22

Most Infective endocarditis occur on

Answer 22

natural or prosthetic cardiac valves
septal defects
the mural endocardium

Question 23

activities can cause Transient bacteremia

Answer 23

dental procedures, 
after normal childbirth 
and manipulations such as bronchoscopy, cystoscopy
tooth brushing
chewing candy

Question 24

Circulating organisms شو بعملو الاشرار

Answer 24

adhere to the damaged surface, followed by
complement activation, inflammation, fibrin, and platelet deposition.
- M.O. produce sub. that protects them from host humoral, phagocytic immune defenses, some antimicrobial agents

Question 25

information about Valves of the Heart

Answer 25

The valves of the heart do not receive any dedicated blood supply

Question 26

Types of Infective endocarditis

Answer 26

Acute endocarditis (AE)
Subacute endocarditis (SAE)

Question 27

Acute endocarditis (AE

Answer 27

high fever
toxicity,
death may occur in a few days or weeks.

Question 28

Subacute endocarditis (SAE)

Answer 28

progresses to death over weeks to months
with low-grade fever, night sweats, weight loss, and vague constitutional
complaints.

Question 29

The infecting organism in Acute endocarditis (AE)

Answer 29

S. aureus

Question 30

The infecting organism in Subacute endocarditis (SAE)

Answer 30

Viridans Streptococci

Question 31

Physical findings

Answer 31

changing heart murmur, splenomegaly, various skin
lesions (petechiae, hemorrhages, Osler’s nodes, Janeway’s lesions), and retinal
lesions

Question 32

complications relate to the immunologic and embolic phenomena

Answer 32

kidney damage, and hematuria. Renal failure, presumably from (IC )
glomerulonephritis.

Question 33

skin manifestations of acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 33

Janeway lesions ) non-tender lesion, oftenhaemorrhagic(bleeding into the skin), and associated with AE

Question 34

skin manifestations of sub acute bacterial endocarditis.

Answer 34

Osler’s nodes (red-purple, slightly raised, associated with SAE , often with a pale centre