LEC 2

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Anything that has mass or occupies space

Question 2

What are the three (3) forms of matter?

Answer 2

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 3

What is Chemistry?

Answer 3

Study of matter and it’s interactions

Question 4

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Answer 4

Atom
(Note - Human cells has 100 Trillion atoms)

Question 5

What are the subatomic particles?

Answer 5

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons

Question 6

Name the types of charge for each subatomic particles and where they are located?

Answer 6

1. Protons- (P+) Positive charge - Nucleus
2. Neutrons- (n0) No charge- Nucleus
3. Electrons- (e-) Negative charge - outside nucleus/Electron Shell

Note- The whole Atom has “No charge”!
Only the particles.

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE

The number of protons and electrons are equal in a atom?

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE

The number of protons and neutrons in a atom have to be equal?

Answer 8

FALSE - They do not have to be equal

Question 9

TRUE OF FALSE

protons and neutrons is 99.95% mass of an atom?

Answer 9

TRUE

Note- Most of the atom is empty space

Question 10

List the amounts of electrons that each shells can hold?

Answer 10

1st shell = 2 Electrons

2nd shell = 8 Electrons

3rd shell = Can hold 18 — However, Stable with 8 Electrons

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE

Atoms that do not meet the Octet rule are reactive (moves/unstable)?

Answer 11

TRUE

Note- Have to follow Octet rule to be non-reactive/stable

Question 12

What are the Major elements of the human body (96%)?

Answer 12

Orange elements

1. Oxygen - O (65%)
2. Carbon - C (18%)
3. Hydrogen - H (10%)
4. Nitrogen - N (3%)

Question 13

List the Mineral elements of the human body (<4%)

Answer 13

Green elements

1. Potassium - k
2. Sulfur- S
3. Sodium - Na
4. Chlorine - Cl
5. Magnesium - Mg
6. Iodine - l
7. Calcium - Ca

Question 14

What is the Octet rule?

Answer 14

The last electron shell (valence shell) has 8 electrons.
(Octet- non-reactive/inert-doesn’t move/stable)

Question 15

List the Trace elements of the human body (0.01%)

Answer 15

Blue elements

1. Iron - Fe
2. Copper - Cu
3. Iodine - I
4. Zinc - Zn

Question 16

What are Metals?

Answer 16

Conduct electricity

Question 17

What are non-metals?

Answer 17

Gas/solids - Poorly conduct electricity

Question 18

Fill in the blank!

The atomic number is the total amount of ——— that a atom contain?

Answer 18

Protons

Atomic number = Protons

Eg: Carbon atomic # is 6
So it has 6 protons

Question 19

Define atomic mass?

Answer 19

The number of protons and neutrons

Atomic mass = P+N

Question 20

True or false

Atomic number = Protons

Atomic mass = Protons + Neutrons

Electrons are not added to the total

Answer 20

ALL TRUE

Question 21

What are Isotopes?

Answer 21

When proton number is the same and neutrons numbers are different .

Atoms with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 22

What are isotopes that release radiation called?

Answer 22

Radioisotopes

(Note: Radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine -cancer radiation therapy)

Question 23

List the 3 types of mixtures (matter combined)?

Answer 23

1. Suspensions
2. Colloids
3. Solutions

Question 24

What is suspensions mixtures?
List properties

Answer 24

-Liquid mix with a solid
-visible, liquid settles - separates from solid particles

Question 25

What are colloids mixtures?
List properties

Answer 25

-2 combined particles
-won’t settle- liquid won’t separate from solid- milk
-opaque - not clear
- not visible to eyes (viewed with microscope)

Question 26

What are solution mixture?

Answer 26

-Solute and solvent
Solid, liquid of gas mix with liquid
-one component
- Very small particles - not visible
-doesn’t settle