Lecture 1 Flashcards
Health Vs Disease
Physiology
The way in which an organism or any of its components function.
What are the two “normal” things physiology relies on?
Structure - The way the human body is put together
Function - The normal actions and roles of a body part and the way parts interact with each other.
Pathophysiology
The study of the functional and structural changes that occur in the body as a result of injury, disease, or disorder.
What is the definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity.
What is the definition of disease?
A deviation from, or interruption of, normal structure and/or function of 1+ or more cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems within the body.
What are the types of causes for diseases?
Specific, known cause - flu
Multiple known causes (multifactorial) - diabetes mellitus
No known cause (Idiopathic) - idiopathic pulmonary firbosis
What are the types of causes for syndromes?
Specific, known cause - down syndrome
Multiple known causes (multifactorial) - carpal tunnel syndrome
No known cause (Idiopathic) - irritable bowel syndrome
What is the definition of syndrome?
A specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern of signs and symptoms
What is the difference between a disease and a syndrome?
A disease is describing the actual impaired function and/or structure of the human body.
A syndrome is a characteristic set of manifestations that can include multiple diseases or suggest the presence of a disease or an increased risk of developing disease.
What is etiology?
Etiology: Specific cause of a disease
What are the 4 types of etiologies?
1.) Multifactorial: Multiple factors or events that can contribute to the occurrence of a disease. (Diabetes Mellitis)
2.) Idiopathic: No known cause. (Idiopathic Narcolepsy)
3.) Nosocomial: Caused by exposure to a healthcare setting. (Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia)
4.) Iatrogenic: Caused by medical treatment. (Can be accidental or purposeful)
Disease Origins
Diseases can originate from multiple sources or a single source. A single source can also account for multiple diseases and is dependent on the situation/circumstances of the infection.
What is pathogenesis?
It is how a disease process evolves.
Risk Factor vs Precipitating Factor
Risk factors are anything that increase the probability of experiencing a particular health outcome (smoking –> lung cancer).
Precipitating factors are agents that promote the clinical manifestation of a disease, similar to a trigger (asthma symptoms triggered by cold)
Sign vs Symptom
Sign - Objective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a clinician can measure or observe.
Symptom - Subjective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a patient reports.
