Lecture 1 Flashcards
Health Vs Disease
Physiology
The way in which an organism or any of its components function.
What are the two “normal” things physiology relies on?
Structure - The way the human body is put together
Function - The normal actions and roles of a body part and the way parts interact with each other.
Pathophysiology
The study of the functional and structural changes that occur in the body as a result of injury, disease, or disorder.
What is the definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity.
What is the definition of disease?
A deviation from, or interruption of, normal structure and/or function of 1+ or more cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems within the body.
What are the types of causes for diseases and syndromes?
Specific, known cause
Multiple known causes (multifactorial)
No known cause (Idiopathic)
What is the definition of syndrome?
A specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern of signs and symptoms
What is the difference between a disease and a syndrome?
A disease is describing the actual impaired function and/or structure of the human body.
A syndrome is a characteristic set of manifestations that can include multiple diseases or suggest the presence of a disease or an increased risk of developing disease.
What is etiology and the 4 types of etiologies?
Etiology: Specific cause of a disease
Multifactorial: Multiple factors or events that can contribute to the occurrence of a disease. (Diabetes Mellitis)
Idiopathic: No known cause. (Idiopathic Narcolepsy)
Nosocomial: Caused by exposure to a healthcare setting. (Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia)
Iatrogenic: Caused by medical treatment. (Can be accidental or purposeful)
Disease Origins
Diseases can originate from multiple sources or a single source. A single source can also account for multiple diseases and is dependent on the situation/circumstances of the infection.
What is pathogenesis?
It is how a disease process evolves.
Risk Factor vs Precipitating Factor
Risk factors are anything that increase the probability of experiencing a particular health outcome.
Precipitating factors are agents that promote the clinical manifestation of a disease, similar to a trigger.
Sign vs Symptom
Sign - Objective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a clinician can measure or observe.
Symptom - Subjective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a patient reports.
What are the manifestations of a disease?
Location: local or systemic
Timing: acute, chronic, subacute
Severity: Remission, Exacerbation, and Asymptomatic
How do we characterize a disease’s outcome?
Morbidity: General term for any negative outcome due to a disease that causes a negative impact to quality of life.
Complication: Adverse extension of a disease or from its treatment.
Sequelae: Impairments that follow a disease. Generally different from the initial condition that the disease caused. (EX: paralysis following a stroke)
Mortality: Death
Prognosis: Prediction of how a patient will fare during the disease process.
