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Genetics and Genomics in Nursing > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Genetics?

A

The study of inheritance and variation in inherited traits

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2
Q

What is encoded in the sequence of bases of DNA?

A

Information

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3
Q

What is DNA packed into and where is it location?

A

Packed into chromosomes and located in the nucleus

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4
Q

A gene is what?

A

A sequence of DNA that encodes a protein that determines a trait.

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5
Q

DNA gene BLANK for BLANK which is responsible for BLANK

A

DNA gene codes for protein which is responsible for characteristic or trait

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6
Q

What is a genome

A

the complete set of genes or genetic material in a cell or organism.

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7
Q

A single chromosome contains hundred to thousands of genes. True or False

A

True

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8
Q

What is Genomics?

A

The study of the complete genetic material of an organism, including genes, noncoding DNA, and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.

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9
Q

What happens before cell division?

A

The Genome is copied (DNA replication) then after cell division, each cell has a complete copy of the genome.

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10
Q

Ploidy means

A

The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell

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11
Q

Diploid means

A

two complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.

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12
Q

Haploid means

A

one complete set of chromosomes in a cell

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13
Q

Polyploid means

A

more than two complete sets of chromosomes in a cells

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14
Q

How is the genome inherited?

A

meiosis and fertilization

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15
Q

What does sexual reproduction involved?

A

2 Parts
1. Meiosis reduces the chromosomes in half which reduces ploidy from diploid to haploid.
2. Fusion of haploid gamete from each parent (egg and sperm).

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16
Q

3 main points about DNA?

A

Hereditary material
Forms chromosomes and contains entire genome of cell
Includes genes that encodes proteins

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17
Q

Nucleic acids aka DNA are polymer of nucleotides joined by what type of bond

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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18
Q

What are the two types of Nitrogenous bases?

A

Purines (2 rings) and pyrimidines (one ring)

19
Q

What are two Purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

20
Q

What are the 2 pyrimidines related to DNA

A

Cytosine and Thymine

21
Q

Covalent bonds weak or strong?

A

strong

22
Q

Hydrogen bonds weak or strong

A

weak

23
Q

How can you break hydrogen bonds?

A

by heat

24
Q

what are the complementary bases that are in DNA?

A

A pairs with T
C pairs with G

25
Q

What does a chromosome consist of?

A

dsDNA and the packing proteins

26
Q

What are the three things that functional chromosomes have?

A

Centromeres, telomeres and origins of replication

27
Q

Centromeres are? and what are there job?

A

Heterochromatin- high packed down
where kinetochores form and spindle microtubule attach.

28
Q

Telomeres are

A

stabilizing structures at the end of the chromosomes. Its job is to protect the chromosomes from getting shorter during DNA replication

29
Q

What is the origin of replication?

A

Specific DNA where DNA replication starts

30
Q

When we ask for the shape what does that mean?

A

Where the Centromere is?

31
Q

Metacentric means

A

Centromere is in the middle

32
Q

Submetacentric means

A

Centromere is not in the middle creating a long and short arm.

33
Q

Acrocentric means

A

the centromere is close to the end of the chromosome with a long arm with knob at the top

34
Q

Telocentric means

A

Centromere is close to the end of the chromosome

35
Q

What is the symbol for long arm and short arm when it comes to a centromere?

A

Long arm= q
Short arm = p

36
Q

How many base pair of DNA is in a haploid genome?

A

3 million

37
Q

How many protein coding genes in a haploid genome?

A

20,000

38
Q

What is a Karyotype?

A

An ordered array of the condensed chromosomes from a cell

39
Q

What is the process of karyotype? BBSP

A

1 Blocked at mitosis
2. Cell are broken down
3. chromosomes are stained
4. photographed through a microscope

40
Q

Aneuploidy is what?

A

an increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes

41
Q

Aneuploid is when?

A

lost or gain one or more chromsomes

42
Q

Euploid means what?

A

complete sets of chromosomes.

43
Q

Polyploid means

A

more then two complete sets of chromosomes

44
Q

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are BLANK of nucleotides joined by BLANK bonds which is a BLANK bond

A

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds which is a covalent bond.

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing (10 decks)

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