lecture 1-2

Question 1

what was Robert Hooke known for?

Answer 1

Micrographia book
Hook elasticity law
cork experiment - named cells after monastery layout

Question 2

what did Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) do?

Answer 2

discovered:

• bacteria (1676)
• free-living and parasitic microscopic protists (1674),
• sperm cells (1677)
• muscle fibres (1688)

Question 3

what is wrong with scheildan and schwann’s cell theory?

1) The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things.
2) The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the
construction of organisms.
3) Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals (spontaneous generation).

Answer 3

3) All cells only arise from pre-existing cells - not spontaneous generation

Question 4

name 6 common features of all cells

Answer 4

1. Cells gather material from the environment and duplicate
2. Information is stored and inherited by DNA
3. Information is partially transcribed in
4. RNA serves for construction of proteins (translation) to an intermediate form (ribonucleic acid = RNA)
5. Proteins are the molecules that put genetic information into action
6. All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane across which material must pass

Question 5

what are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 5

plantae
fungi
animalia
protista
prokaryotae

Question 6

what are the 3 domains?

Answer 6

archaea
bacteria
eukaryota

Question 7

what are the two types of projections from bacteria?

Answer 7

pilli

flagellum

Question 8

what is the major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 8

eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Question 9

put these in order:
- Appearance of multi-cellularity
- Development of eukaryotic cells that
contain symbiotic prokaryotes 
- "Cambrian explosion"
- Photosynthesis developed in
cyanobacteria-like microbes

Answer 9

- Photosynthesis developed in
cyanobacteria-like microbes
- Development of eukaryotic cells that
contain symbiotic prokaryotes 
- Appearance of multi-cellularity
- "Cambrian explosion"

Question 10

what is a ribozyme?

Answer 10

catalytically active RNA molecule

eg. ribosome

Question 11

what kind of surface can ribonucleotides spontaneously polymerize on

Answer 11

clay