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IBS514 Module 4 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 requirements of a NT

A
  1. Synthesized in pre
  2. Present in terminal and released in amounts sufficient for response
  3. Exogenous application has same effect
  4. Mechanism to remove from cleft
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2
Q

Dale’s law

A

Each neuron releases only 1 NT

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3
Q

3 Amino acid NTs

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

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4
Q

3 Catecholamine NTs

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

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5
Q

2 Monoamine (not catecholamine NTs)

A

Serotonin

Histamine

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6
Q

2 NTs that do not fit into a category

A

Acetylcholine

ATP/Adenosine

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7
Q

Neuropeptides act through

A

Metabotropic receptors

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8
Q

Structure of ionotropic

A

Multiple subunits or variable numbers

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9
Q

Structure of metabotropic

A

Single protein w 7 transmembrane domains

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10
Q

2 ex of how allosteric modulators work

A

Affinity

Protein stability

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11
Q

Major forebrain NTs

A

Glutamate

GABA

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12
Q

6 Major brainstem NTs

A 
Ach
5-HT
Epi
NE
DA
Histamine
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13
Q

Glutamate transporter

A

EAAT

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14
Q

Glutamate vesicular transporter

A

vGLUT

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15
Q

Allosteric antagonist of NMDA-R

A

PCP

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16
Q

How many Glu Rs

A

3 ionotropic

8 metabotropic

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17
Q

Who proved Glu was a NT and how

A

Curtis & Watkins

Analogue NMDA activated but is not a metabolite

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18
Q

Synthesis of GABA

A

Glutamate + Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

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19
Q

GABA transporter

A

GAT

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20
Q

GABA vesicular transporter

A

vGAT

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21
Q

2 GABA receptors

A

GABA-A: ionotropic

GABA-B: metabotropic

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22
Q

GABA-B are primarily coupled to

A

Gi

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23
Q

Glycine vesicular transporter

A

vGAT

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24
Q

Glycine transporter

A

GLYT

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25
Q

GABA and Glycine share 2 things

A

vGAT vesicular transporter

Loaded into same vesicles

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26
Q

Glycine receptors are

A

Ionotropic

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27
Q

GABA ionotropic conduct

A

CL- in

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28
Q

Glycine receptors conduct

A

Cl- in

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29
Q

GlyR mutated subunits cause

A

startle disease

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30
Q

Ach synthesis steps

A

Acetyl-COA + Choline + Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT)

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31
Q

Ach is cleared from synaptic cleft by

A

Acetylcholinesterase (no reuptake)

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32
Q

2 major loci of Ach

A

Nucleus Basalis

Pedunculopontine Nucleus

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33
Q

Sarin works by

A

Inhibiting Acetylecholinesterase = too much ACh = rigid paralysis

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34
Q

What is lost early in AD

A

Ach in Nucleus Basalis

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35
Q

2 Ach receptor types

A

Nicotinic: ionotropic
Muscarinic: metabotropic

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36
Q

Ach Muscarinic are paired with 2

A

Gq & Gi

37
Q

Ach ionotropic flux

A

Na+ in

38
Q

Major DA locus

A

Substantia nigra

39
Q

DA transporter

A

DAT

40
Q

DA vesicular transporter

A

VMAT

41
Q

Cocaine act on

A

DA, NE, 5-HT, Epi reuptake

42
Q

Amphetamine acts on

A

Reverses DA, NE, 5-HT, Epi reuptake and vesicular loading

Histimine vesicular loading only

43
Q

DA receptors are

A

Metabotropic

44
Q

DA receptor families and pairing

A

1, 5: Gs

2, 3, 4: Gi

45
Q

2 diseases involving DA

A

Schizophrenia

Parkinsons

46
Q

DA synthesis

A

Tyrosine + Tyrosine hydroxylase = L-DOPA

L-DOPA + DOPA decarboxylase = DA

47
Q

NE synthesis

A

Dopamine + Dopamine beta-hydroxylase = NE

48
Q

5 things NE is involved in

A 
Arousal
Sleep
Mood
Cognition
Memory
49
Q

NE is crucial for

A

Emotional memory/flashbulb memory

50
Q

Major locus for NE

A

Locus Ceruleus

51
Q

NE transporter

A

NET

52
Q

NE vesicular transporter

A

VMAT

53
Q

Synthesis of Epi

A

NE + Phenylethanolamine = Epi

54
Q

Major locus of Epi

A

Ventrolateral medulla

55
Q

Epi transporter

A

NET

56
Q

Epi vesicular transporter

A

VMAT

57
Q

Adrenergic receptors bind

A

NE & Epi

58
Q

Adrenergic receptors are

A

Metabotropic

59
Q

3 Adrenergic receptors and coupling

A

Alpha-1: Gq
Alpha-2: Gi
Beta: Gs

60
Q

Beta blockers work on

A

Adrenergic beta receptors

Block emotional memory

61
Q

5–HT is short for

A

5-hydroxytrymptamine

62
Q

5-HT synthesis

A

Tryptophan + Tyrotophan hydroxylase = 5-Hydroxy-tryptophan

5-Hydroxy-tryptophan + 5-HTP decarboxylase = 5-HT

63
Q

5-HT transporter

A

SERT

64
Q

5-HT vesicular transporter

A

VMAT

65
Q

Major locus of 5-HT

A

Raphe Nuclei

66
Q

Ionotropic 5-HT R (1) fluxes

A

5-HT3` Na+ and Ca2+ in

67
Q

3 classes of metabotropic 5-HT R and pairing

A

5-HTR1: Gi
5-HTR2: Gq
5-HT4-7: Gs

68
Q

LSD is potent agonist of?

A

All 5-HT receptors

69
Q

Histamine synthesis

A

Histidine + Histidine Decarboxylase = Histamine

70
Q

Histamine transporter

A

unknown, possibly Oct2

71
Q

Histamine vesicular transporter

A

VMAT

72
Q

Major locus of histamine

A

Mesencephalic reticular formation

73
Q

Histamine receptors are

A

Metabotropic

74
Q

3 classes of histamine receptors and coupling

A

H1: Gq
H2: Gs
H3,4: Gi

75
Q

H1 is target of

A

allergy meds

76
Q

H2 is target of

A

antacids

77
Q

H3 is important in

A

Brain

Arousal

78
Q

H4 is found mostly

A

on immune cells

79
Q

ATP transporter

A

ATP pumps

80
Q

ATP vesicular transporter

A

unknown

81
Q

ATP and adenosine ionotropic receptors are called

A

P2X

82
Q

ATP and adenosine metabotropic receptors are called

A

P2Y and Adenosine Receptors

83
Q

P2X flux

A

Na+ and Ca2+ in

84
Q

P2Y are coupled with

A

Gq

85
Q

Adenosine receptors are coupled with 2

A

Gi Gs

86
Q

Caffeine targets

A

A1: Gi

A2A, A2B: Gs

87
Q

ATP and adenosine receptors are called

A

Purinergic receptors

88
Q

Presynaptic receptors are called….

Unique because

A

Autoreceptors

Agonists and antagonists have opposite effects

IBS514 Module 4 (1 decks)

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