Lecture 1

Question 1

How many classes do Eubacteria come in? and what are they?

Answer 1

2 classes, gram negative and gram positive

Question 2

Which class of cells have a periplasmic space?

Answer 2

Gram negative

Question 3

Which class of Eubacteria contain an outer membrane?

Answer 3

Gram negative

Question 4

Do gram positive eubacteria contain an outer membrane?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

What differentiates eubacteria from eukaryotes?

Answer 5

multicel

Question 6

what does it take for a cell to be alive?

Answer 6

integrity of compartment, energy, response to environment, and self reproduction

Question 7

briefly describe the endosymbiont hypothesis for the mitochondria

Answer 7

An ancestral anaeroboic eukaroyote endocytosizes an aerobic bacterium which multiplies within it. Some bacterial genes move to the nucleus and become mitochondria.

Question 8

briefly describe the endosymbiont hypothesis for the chloroplast.

Answer 8

A aerobic Eukaryote engulfs a cyanobacteria, which becomes endosymbiont and multiplies. In time some of the cyanobacterial genes move into the nucleus and become plastids (chloroplasts).

Question 9

average size of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

2-5 micro meters in diameter

Question 10

average size of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

10-50 micro meters in diameter

Question 11

Do prokaryotic cells have internal compartmentation?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Where is DNA contained in a prokaryote?

Answer 12

Free in cytoplasm as a nucleoid

Question 13

What is the ploidy of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Almost always haploid

Question 14

Describe the mechanism of prokaryotic cellular division?

Answer 14

Binary fission

Question 15

Describe the mechanism of eukaryotic cellular division?

Answer 15

mitosis in somatic cells, meiosis in gametes

Question 16

Describe the ploidy of eukaryotes

Answer 16

Almost always diploid or poly ploid

Question 17

Most common elements in biomolecules

Answer 17

H,C, N,O,P, and S

Question 18

What has to happen to convert Confrontational isomers?

Answer 18

A covalent bond must be broken

Question 19

Describe the RS system priorities

Answer 19

-SH > -OCH2- > -OH > -NH2 > -COOH > -CHO > -CH2OH > -CH3 > -H

Question 20

A racemic mixture (equal amounts
of two enantiomers) shows no
optical activity - why not?

Answer 20

Each isomer rotates light to
same degree, but in opposite
direction - cancels out

Question 21

The ability to distinguish between stereoisomers is a fundamental
characteristic of biological systems: what is the fundamental basis of this
stereospecificity?

Answer 21

Binding to proteins (enzymes, receptors, etc)

Question 22

Are there any remnants of RNA

world today? If so, what?

Answer 22

Ribosome, and ribozymes