Lecture 1 Flashcards
Name two facts about cranial nerve 1
It is responsible for sense of smell
It is often not tested
What two things about cranial nerve two need measuring?
Visual acuity
Visual fields
How do you test visual acuity?
Test each eye independently
Correct for poor vision
Use Snellen chart
If can’t see the top row of the chart, can they see hand movement? If not, can they see light?
Use Ishihara plates to test colour vision
How do you test the visual fields?
Test each eye independently
Cover your left eye/ their right eye
Test each quadrant on the diagonal
Determine blind spot using a red pin
Extinction and neglect are tested with both eyes open
What do cranial nerves 2 and 3 do?
Control the pupils (intraocular)
Measure using direct light response
If consensual then both eyes will react the same
Can find lateralisation and localisation of the lesion
What do cranial nerves 3,4 and 5 do?
Extraocular eye movements
Test smooth pursuit, saccades, vergence
What does cranial nerve 5 do?
Jaw muscles, face sensation
What does cranial nerve 7 do?
Facial expressions
What does cranial nerve 8 do?
Hearing
What do cranial nerves 9 and 10 do?
Gag reflex
9 Is afferent (sensory)
10 is efferent (motor)
Look for symmetric palate elevation
What does cranial nerve 11 do?
Head rotation and shoulder elevation
What does cranial nerve 12 do?
Tongue movements
What seven things do you measure during a peripheral neuro exam or an informal functional assessment?
Appearance Tone Power Deep tendon reflexes Coordination Fatiguing bradykinesia Functional assessment
How do you measure appearance in PNE?
Visually
Wasting, hypertrophy, abnormal posture or movement
Hold arms outstretched eyes closed
Pyramidal drift, proprioceptive drift
How do you measure tone in PNE?
Flaccid, spasticity, rigidity
