Lecture 1

Question 1

A ruler is what type of variable

Answer 1

continuous: fractional values

Question 2

Continuous variables

Answer 2

→values along a continuum →indefinitely large number of fractional values between numbers
→limitation = precision (# of decimals) measuring instrument

Question 3

strength is what type of variable

Answer 3

continuous

Question 4

chronological time is what type of variable

Answer 4

continuous

Question 5

HR is what type of variable

Answer 5

discrete

Question 6

trials/learn is what type of variable

Answer 6

discrete

Question 7

members/group is what type of variable

Answer 7

discrete

Question 8

yes/no is what type of variable

Answer 8

dichotomous

Question 9

Are discrete variables more qualitative or quantitative?

Answer 9

you can’t break them down anymore. that makes it more qualitative than quantitative

Question 10

is temperature an indirect or direct measurement?

Answer 10

indirect because we are not actually observing it

Question 11

What is a construct variable?

Answer 11

→ abstract variables
→ assumed to represent the original variable
→ many interrelated concepts/multiple dimensions
→ may be derived from other variables
ex: distance → velocity = m/s or work = force x distance

abstract variable examples:
strength, intelligence, pain, disability

Question 12

What are the 4 levels of measurement

Answer 12

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

Question 13

What is the lowest level of measurement

Answer 13

nominal

Question 14

nominal data

Answer 14

puts in categories and then you can count

Question 15

ordinal data is/does

Answer 15

→number indicates rank order of observations
→have a “greater than-less than” relationship
→intervals between ranks may not be known
→can calculate an average rank for a group; can subtract to document change over time

Question 16

Balance would be an example of what type of data

Answer 16

ordinal

Question 17

Interval data is

Answer 17

→ equal intervals between numbers, but not related to true zero
→doesn’t represent absolute quantity
→scales cannot be directly transformed to another

Question 18

Calendar years are an example of what type of data

Answer 18

interval

Question 19

temperature is an example of what type of data

Answer 19

interval

Question 20

VAS scale is an example of what type of data

Answer 20

ordinal

Question 21

What is the highest level of measurement

Answer 21

ratio

Question 22

Which level of measurement has equal distances between units

Answer 22

interval

Question 23

Which type of data equals the empirical meaning

Answer 23

ratio

Question 24

Which type of data is the only one that can be multiplied and divided

Answer 24

ratio

Question 25

Ratio data is

Answer 25

→ interval scale, but numbers represent units with equal intervals
→measured from true zero data
→can be directly transformed to another scale

Question 26

distance, age, and weight are examples of what type of data

Answer 26

ratio