Lecture #1: General Introduction

Question 1

The study of microbes, which are extremely small (microscopic) living organisms and certain non-living entities

Answer 1

MICROBIOLOGY

Advanced biology course; pure biology

Question 2

The study of living organisms

Answer 2

BIOLOGY

Question 3

Living microbes are known as…

Answer 3

CELLULAR MICROBES or CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Examples include Bacteria, Archaea; some Fungi, Protozoa, Algae

Question 4

Non-living microbes are known as…

Answer 4

ACELLULAR MICROBES or INFECTIOUS PARTICLE

Question 5

1. Singular unit of virus
2. Smaller units of virus
3. Infectious proteins

Answer 5

1. Virions
2. Viroids
3. Prions

Question 6

The scientific term for disease-causing microbes is…

Answer 6

PATHOGENS (pathogenic)

Question 7

Microbes that live on and in our bodies are referred to as our….

Answer 7

INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA

Examples: Diphteroids, Lactobacillus

Question 8

Microbes that can be thought of as microbes that are awaiting the opportunity to cause disease.

Answer 8

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

Question 9

Pathogens cause two categories of diseases, what are those?

Answer 9

INFECTIOUS DISEASE and MICROBIAL INTOXICATION

Question 10

Microorganisms that do not need oxygen to survive

Answer 10

ANOXIC BACTERIA

Question 11

The ancestor of our producers or phototrophic bacterias.

Answer 11

CYANOBACTERIA

Question 12

It doesn’t produce oxygen as its by-product of photosynthesis

Answer 12

ANOXYGENIC BACTERIA

Examples: Green Sulfur & Purple Sulfur bacteria

Question 13

Produce oxygen as by-product and it also requires sunlight to produce its own energy.

Answer 13

OXYGENIC BACTERIA

Example: Cyanobacteria

Question 14

Illustrated the first known image of microscope and fruiting molds.He contributed the observation of the first cell.

Answer 14

ROBERT HOOKE

Question 15

Proposed the cell theory

Answer 15

THEODOR SCHWANN and MATTHIAS JACOB SCHLEIDEN

Question 16

Made many simple single-lens microscopes.
Observed “animalcules” (bacteria and protozoa)
First to observe bacteria by using pepper-water infusion.

Answer 16

ANTONIE VAN LEEWENHOEK

Question 17

Living creatures could arise from nonliving matter and that such processes were commonplace and regular.

Answer 17

THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Question 18

Who debuked the theory of spontaneous generation and how did he did it?

Answer 18

FRANCISCO REDI; Meat and Maggots Experiment

Question 19

Investigated different fermentation products. Discovered life forms that could exist without oxygen.

Answer 19

LOUIS PASTEUR

Swan neck flask experiment

Question 20

Introduced the aseptic technique to kill and prevent microbial infection in surgical patients

Answer 20

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 21

He introduced the method of hand washing

Answer 21

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

Question 22

Made significant contributions to the germ theory of disease. Developed methods of fixing and staining bacteria. Developed methods to cultivate bacteria

Answer 22

ROBERT KOCH

Question 23

Koch’s Postulate

Answer 23

1. Microbe must be present in all cases of disease; not on healthy animals
2. Microbe must be isolated and cultured (pure)
3. The same disease must be produced by cultured microbe on healthy animals
4. Same microbe must be isolated from experimentally infected animal

Question 24

Organisms that live on dead and/or decaying organic matter.

Answer 24

SAPROPHYTES

Question 25

The use of microbes to clean up toxic wastes and other industrial waste products is known as…

Answer 25

BIOREMEDIATION

Question 26

The use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes is called…

Answer 26

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Question 27

What role does microbes play in the food chain?

Answer 27

PRIMARY PRODUCERS (for marine animals)

Question 28

A scientist who studies microbes

Answer 28

MICROBIOLOGIST

Question 29

Involves the study of pathogens, the diseases they cause, and the body’s defense against diseases

Answer 29

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY