Lecture

Question 1

Definition of typical development

Answer 1

Sequential changes in function that occur with the maturation of the individual

Question 2

What are the dimensions of development

Answer 2

1. Longitudinal development
2. Horizontal development
3. Hierarchical development

Question 3

Definition if longitudinal development

Answer 3

Focus of stadiums of development which are equal to the chronological successive changes throughout life

Question 4

Definiton of horizontal development

Answer 4

Specific areas of development that takes place simultaneously, anytime in an individuals life

Question 5

Definition of hierarchical development

Answer 5

Focus on preceding skills necessary for higher level of competence

Question 6

Define growth

Answer 6

Maturational changes that are physically measurable

Question 7

Types of growth are?

Answer 7

Phylogenetic

Autogenetic

Question 8

Describe phylogenetic growth

Answer 8

Specific growth patterns of species

Question 9

Describe autogenetic growth

Answer 9

Built in potential fort progressive behavioral changes

Question 10

Define maturation

Answer 10

Total process of genetic and environmental processes working to bring about modification

Question 11

Define quantitative change

Answer 11

Easy to understand and measurable

Question 12

Define qualitative changes

Answer 12

Difficult to measure, abstract and subjective

Question 13

What are critical and sensitive periods

Answer 13

Limited time for optimal learning for specific development tasks

Question 14

What is chronological age

Answer 14

Real age since birth

Question 15

What is neuro-plasticity

Answer 15

Re-organisation of the neural system over time after an injury

Question 16

What is a zone of proximal development

Answer 16

What a child can achieve and learn with the assistance of another

Question 17

Define habituation

Answer 17

Learned suppression of a response after non-damaging stimuli- a reduction in synaptic activity takes place

Question 18

Define sensitisation

Answer 18

Strengthening of responses to potentially dangerous stimuli

Question 19

What is sensory integration

Answer 19

Organization of sensory inputs into the brain to make adapted responses possible

Question 20

Define self organisation

Answer 20

Optimal functional im functional task that has an aim and outcome

Question 21

What factors may influence development

Answer 21

Physiologival factors
Personal influences
Metaphysical
Physical
Occurrences
Environmental

Question 22

Why should one have knowledge about development

Answer 22

To distinguish a-/typical development
To be able to analyze movements and stimulate locking movements
Facilitate applicable movement
To know which abilities to expect from each age group
To choose applicable activities for age

Question 23

Which developmental theories are there

Answer 23

• neuro-maturation
• dynamic systems theory
• person-environment
• ecological (bronfenbrenner)
• vygotsky (influence of social interaction)

Question 24

What suppositions do most developmental theories rest on?

Answer 24

Ripening
Predictable following order
Ongoing process
Cefalo-caudal
Proximal-distal
Mass patterns versus specifically differentiated, refined movements
Neuro-plasticity
Pattern competition
Pattern overlapping
Pattern practicing

Question 25

What does a developmental therapist do

Answer 25

Analyse
Recognize differences between norm and development
Prgrammes:
-prevention
-remedial
-rehabilitative
-maintenance

Question 26

What is the aim of evaluation?

Answer 26

Individual assessment/ intervention
Group or community survey/intervention
Research
Population based assessment/ monitoring survey

Question 27

What methods can be used for evaluation

Answer 27

• observation
• screening milestone charts
• standardized tests
• Peabody developmental motor scales and activity cards
• TIME ( toddler infant motor evaluation)
• bruinkins oseretsky test of motor proficiency
• gross motor function growth
• Griffiths mental scale
• bayley