Lecture #12

Question 1

The epidermis has closely packed cells of _______ tissue.

Answer 1

epithelial

Question 2

The dermis is a type of ________ tissue

Answer 2

connective

Question 3

________ of the dermis have receptors that mediate interactions and transmit messages.

Answer 3

Fibroblasts

Question 4

Carbohydrate projections form part of the ________ on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

Answer 4

glycocalyx

Question 5

Roles of the glycocalyx:

______ of cell–cell and cell–substratum interactions
_________ protection
_______ to molecular movement towards the plasma membrane
________ factor binding site

Answer 5

Mediator, Mechanical, Barrier, Regulatory

Question 6

One of the best-defined extracellular matrices (ECM) is the ________ ________ that surrounds muscles, nerves, and fat cells. It underlies the epidermis of the skin, the digestive and respiratory tract, and the lining of blood vessels.

Answer 6

basement membrane

Question 7

The ECM may take diverse forms in different tissues and organisms. Most proteins inside cells are _______, ECM proteins are ______. These proteins are secreted into the extracellular space. They assemble into 3D ________ network.

Answer 7

globular, fibrous, interconnected

Question 8

___________ of organs maintains their structure.
___________ as a potential therapeutical approach for transplantation.

Answer 8

Decellularization, Recellularization

Question 9

_______ comprise a large family of fibrous glycoproteins present only in the ECM

Answer 9

Collagens

Question 10

_______ molecule: triple helix of three helical alpha chains and it is the single most abundant protein in the human body (25%).

Answer 10

Collagen

Question 11

______ is produced by fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and epithelial cells. 28 fiber types, often mixed in ECM. Large amount of proline residues.

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

Proline and lysine residues are hydroxylated –post translational modification– to maintain the stability of the _______ fiber.

Answer 12

collagen

Question 13

All collagen molecules are trimers & they _______

Answer 13

intertwine

Question 14

Collagen type ___ restricted to basement membranes

Answer 14

IV

Question 15

Unlike type __ collagen, type ___ collagen contains non helical segments interspersed along the molecule and globular domains at each end

Answer 15

I, IV

Question 16

Non helical segments provide ______ while the globular ends serve as sites of interaction giving its lattice-like character

Answer 16

flexibility

Question 17

_______ provides the insoluble framework that determines many of the mechanical properties of the matrix

Answer 17

Collagen

Question 18

Tissue properties can often be correlated with the 3D organization of its _______

Answer 18

collagen

Question 19

_________: Exposition to UV exposure

Answer 19

Dermatoheliosis

Question 20

______: disease caused by vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency. Lack of hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues on _______. _______ acid is required as a coenzyme by the enzymes that add hydroxyl groups to the lysine and proline amino acids of collagen.

Answer 20

Scurvy, collagen, Ascorbic

Question 21

_________: protein-polysaccharide complex, with a core protein attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Answer 21

Proteoglycans

Question 22

__________ consists of a linear array of 30 Fn domains to give a modular construction. High MW-@50-600 kDa

Answer 22

Fibronectin

Question 23

Fn-type domains are also found in ______ _______ factors and membrane receptors.

Answer 23

blood clotting

Question 24

__________ binds to numerous ECM components. Binds to cell surface receptors to attach cell to ECM.

Answer 24

Fibronectin

Question 25

Human fibronectin molecule consists of ___ similar polypeptides joined by disulfide bonds.

Answer 25

two

Question 26

Several organs (e.g., salivary gland, kidney, and lung) are formed by a process of ?

Answer 26

branching/cleft formation

Question 27

Cell adhesion and shape determination also _________-dependent

Answer 27

fibronectin

Question 28

______ has three polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. Family of at least 15 extracellular glycoproteins.

Answer 28

Laminin

Question 29

_________ can greatly influence a cell’s potential for migration, growth, and differentiation. They have a role in development of neuronal outgrowth. Strengthen basement membrane.

Answer 29

Laminin

Question 30

ECM can exhibit dynamic properties both in space and time.

_______, ECM fibrils can stretch several times their normal length.
_______, ECM components are under continual degradation and reconstruction to allow ECM remodeling (development & injury).

Answer 30

Spatially, Temporally

Question 31

_____ __________ (MMPs) degrade ECM components. The physiological roles of MMPs are thought to be involved in tissue remodeling, embryonic cell migration, wound healing, and the formation of blood vessels. ________ expression of MMPs is linked to a variety of diseases.

Answer 31

Matrix metalloproteinases, Abnormal

Question 32

TDC: ?

Answer 32

Tissue Derived Cells

Question 33

iPSC: ?

Answer 33

induced Pluripotent Stem Cells