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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 14_ Artidoactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof > Flashcards

Lecture 14_ Artidoactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof Flashcards

1
Q

What regions does the manus consist of

A

Knee/carpus, cannon, fetlock, pastern, hoof

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2
Q

Knee in horse=

A

Carpus

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3
Q

What are the carpal bones in horse

A

Radial carpal, intermediate carpal, ulnar carpal, accessory carpal

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4
Q

What is the cannon bone in the horse

A

Metacarpal II, III, and IV

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5
Q

What is the fetlock in the horse

A

Proximal sesamoid bones, phalanx I, distal end of MC III

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6
Q

What is the pastern in the horse

A

Distal end of PI and proximal PII

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7
Q

What is the hoof in a horse

A

PII, PIII, and distal sesamoid

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8
Q

What is the cannon bone in cow

A

MC III and IV

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9
Q

What is the fetlock in a cow

A

Proximal sesamoid bones, PI

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10
Q

What is the pastern in the cow

A

PII

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11
Q

What is the hoof in the cow

A

PIII

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12
Q

What are the bones in distal row of carpus of horse

A

1st, 2nd carpal, 3rd, carpal and 4th carpal

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13
Q

What are the distal carpal bones in the cow

A

2+3rd carpal bones are fused

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14
Q

What do the carpals articulate with in the horse

A

Metacarpal 3

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15
Q

What do the carpals articulate with in the cow

A

Metacarpal 3 and 4

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16
Q

What are the joints in the knee/carpus

A

Radiocarpal, ulnocarpal, intercarpal, and carpometacarpal

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17
Q

What are the joints in the cannon

A

There are no joints

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18
Q

What are the joints at the fetlock

A

Metacarpalphalangeal joint

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19
Q

What is the joint at the pastern

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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20
Q

What is the joint at the hoof

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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21
Q

What are the ligaments in the horse knee

A

Collateral ligaments, intercarpal ligaments, accessory ligament

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22
Q

What do the collateral ligaments of the horse knee do

A

Prevent joint from bending from side to side

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23
Q

What do the intercarpal joints of the horse knee do

A

Keep carpal bones together

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24
Q

What do the accessory ligaments in horse knee do

A

Fix the accessory bone

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25
Q

What are the ligaments at the horses fetlock, pastern and hoof

A

Collateral articular ligaments

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26
Q

What do the collateral articular ligaments of horses fetlock, pastern and hoof do

A

Prevent joint from bending side to side and keep bones together

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27
Q

What are the ligaments in the cows fetlock pastern and hoof

A

Abaxial articular ligaments and axial articular ligaments

28
Q

What do the abaxial articular ligaments do

A

Line the lateral aspect of the fetlock, pastern and hoof

29
Q

What do the axial articular ligaments do

A

Line the internal region of the fetlock, pastern and hoof

30
Q

What is the common digital extensor tendon and what are insertions

A

Enveloped by synovial sheath located at carpal and metacarpal regions

Insertions:
A. Extensor process of PIII
B: Proximal region of PI and PII
C: external surfaces of lateral cartilages

31
Q

Lateral digital extensor tendon insertion

A

Dorsal aspect of proximal PI

32
Q

Superficial digital flexor and insertions

A

At proximal region of fetlock and encloses deep digital flexor, at proximal extremity of PI and divides into 2 bands

Insertions:
A: lateral and medial eminences of proximal region of PII
B: lateral and medial aspects of PI

33
Q

Deep digital flexor and insertions

A

Enclosed by superficial digital extensor

Insertion: solar surface of PIII

34
Q

Check ligament and origin and insertions

A

Reinforces tendon of deep digital flexor

Origin: palmar surface of great metacarpus
Insertion: deep digital flexor

35
Q

Interosseous muscle and origin and insertion

A

Part of suspensory apparatus
Origin: palmar carpal fascia
Insertion: proximal to fetlock, dives in to branches that joint lateral region of proximal sesamoid bones and lateral regions of PI

36
Q

Distal sesamoid ligaments and origin and insertion

A

Part of passive stay apparatus

Medial oblique sesamoid, straight sesamoid, lateral oblique sesamoid

Origin: distal region of proximal sesamoid bones

Insertion: palmar region of PII

37
Q

What are the three annular ligaments

A

Palmar annular ligament, proximal digital annular ligament, distal digital annular ligament

38
Q

What is the palmar annular ligament

A

Covers palmar region of fetlock, arises from external surface of sesamoid bones, attaches to superficial digital flexor

39
Q

What is the proximal digital annular ligament

A

Covers the palmar region of proximal area of pastern, arises with two proximal branches from medial and lateral aspects of PI, attaches with two distal branches on lateral and medial aspects of distal end of PI and fuses with superficial digital flexor

40
Q

What is the distal digital annular ligament

A

Covers the deep digital flexor and attaches proximal with two branches to PI with the distal ones of the above ligament

41
Q

What is the overall function of the annular ligaments

A

Reinforce joint sand work as flexor retinacula

42
Q

What are the common digital extensors in cows

A

Lateral tendon, medial tendon and lateral digital extensor

43
Q

what is the lateral tendon in cows

A

Common digital extensor, splits at fetlock in two separate branches

Inserts: extensor processes of PII in both digits

44
Q

What is the medial tendon insertion in cows

A

Dorsomedial surface of PII in 3rd digit, reinforced by axial and abaxial branches of interosseous

45
Q

What is the lateral digit extensor insertion in cows

A

Dorsolateral surface of PII of 4th digit also reinforced by branches of interosseous muscle

46
Q

What is the superficial digital flexor and insertion in cows

A

Splits at fetlock in two separate branches for each digit. Each branch encloses deep digital flexor

Inserts: palmar surface of PII

47
Q

What is the deep digital flexor and insertion for cows

A

Splits at fetlock in two separate branches for each digit, these are enclose by superficial digit flexor

Insertion: flexor eminence of PIII

48
Q

What arteries supply the manus and hoof

A

Median and collateral ulnar arteries

49
Q

What does the median artery give off in the manus and hoof

A

Medial palmar artery

50
Q

What does the medial palmar artery give off

A

Medial and lateral digital artery

51
Q

What do medial and lateral digital arteries give off

A

Dorsal branches

52
Q

What does the collateral ulnar artery give off

A

Lateral palmar artery

53
Q

What arteries supply the hoof

A

Medial and lateral digital arteries

54
Q

Where do medial and lateral digital arteries anastomose and what do they form

A

Dorsal branches and end as single arch forming a terminal arch

55
Q

What does the terminal arch supply

A

Corium

56
Q

In cattle, what supplies the abaxial surface of digits

A

Lateral palmar digital arteries that extend and give off abaxial palmar digital arteries

57
Q

What does the large palmar common artery give off in cows

A

Axial palmar digital arteries

58
Q

What do axial and abaxial arteries give off after anastomosis

A

Dorsal branches

59
Q

The manus and hoof are primarily innervated by what nerves and their branches

A

Median and ulnar

60
Q

In cattle the median nerve divides to generate what

A

Medial and lateral palmar nerves

61
Q

What does the medial palmar nerve give off

A

Palmar Axial digital nerves

62
Q

What do the medial and lateral palmar nerve give off

A

Palmar abaxial digital nerves

63
Q

In cattle the ulnar nerve gives off

A

Dorsal and palmar nerves

64
Q

In cattle radial nerve divides into

A

Dorsal common digital nerves

65
Q

Complete rupture of extensor tendon leads to permanent _____ at fetlock

A

Flexion

66
Q

Complete rupture of flexor tendons leads to permanent ____ at fetlock

A

Hyperextension

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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