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Biochemistry > Lecture 15 & 16 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 15 & 16 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids are _________, meaning they have a hydrophilic and hydrophobic component.

A

Amphipathic

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2
Q

Fatty acids are composed of…

A

Hydrocarbon

Carboxyl

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3
Q

Fatty acids have a primary (HYDROPHILIC/HYDROPHOBIC) determinant.

A

Hydrophobic

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4
Q

Fatty acids can be (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) meaning all carbons are fully filled, or they can be (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) meaning some carbons have double bonds.

A

Saturated

Unsaturated

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5
Q

Saturated fatty acids have a (HIGH/LOW) melting point and (HIGH/LOW) flexibility.

A

High

High

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6
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have a (HIGH/LOW) melting point and (HIGH/LOW) flexibility.

A

Low

Low

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7
Q

T/F. In unsaturated fatty acids, C=C bonds can be cis or trans.

A

True

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8
Q

T/F. In saturated fatty acids, there are multiple C=C bonds.

A

False. There are no C=C bonds in saturated fatty acids.

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9
Q

Are cis or trans unsaturated fatty acids more bent?

A

Cis is more bent than trans

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10
Q

Saturated fatty acids are ________ shaped.

A

Linear

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11
Q

Animal fats (i.e., butter and lard) are examples of (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) fatty acids.

A

Saturated

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12
Q

Plant oils (i.e., olive oil) and omega fatty acids are an example of (CIS/TRANS) unsaturated fatty acids.

A

Cis

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13
Q

Processed fats are an example of (CIS/TRANS) unsaturated fatty acids.

A

Trans

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14
Q

(LONGER/SHORTER) fatty acids melt at lower temperatures than (LONGER/SHORTER) fatty acids.

A

Shorter

Longer

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15
Q

Fatty acids form spherical ________ (so do soaps).

A

Micelles

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16
Q

Fatty acids are numbered from ________-end (alpha-C) to _______-end (omega-C).

A

Carboxyl

Methyl

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17
Q

These are made up of a glycerol polar head and 3 fatty acid chains for hydrophobic tails.

A

Triacylglycerols

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18
Q

Waxes are similar to triacylglycerols, but have an ________ rather than a glycerol.

A

Alcohol

19
Q

Archaeal lipid membranes contain _________ fatty acids.

A

Branched

20
Q

Cell membrane lipids –

Phospholipids contain…
Glycolipids contain…
Cholesterol

A

Phosphates

Sugars

21
Q

Glycerophospholipids are the majority component of cell membranes. They are composed of…

A

Alcohol
Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids

22
Q

Common alcohols that are added are –

Amino acids = ________
Sugar-alcohols = _______, _______
Organics = _________, ________

A

Serine
Inositol, Glycerol
Ethanolamine, Choline

23
Q

Sphingomyelin attaches a fatty acid to an _______. (Sphingosine is the backbone), and has a phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine group (phosphate and alcohol).

A

Amine

24
Q

Sphingosine and a fatty acid only are called…

A

Ceramide

25
Q

Glycosphingolipids are composed of…

A

Sugar
Sphingosine
Fatty acid

***Also called cerebroside

26
Q

Glycosphingolipids are important for…

A

ABO blood type antigens

Cell signaling

27
Q

Glycoglycerolipids are composed of…

A

Sugar
Glycerol
Fatty acid

28
Q

Glycoglycerolipids are found in _______ and _______, but rarely in animals.

A

Plants

Bacteria

29
Q

This adds rigidity to cell membranes. It has a very small hydrophilic part and can form plaques (waxy).

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

When multiple hydrocarbon tails are present, lipids form a _______.

A

Bilayer

31
Q

The width of a lipid bilayer is _____-_____ Angstroms with the hydrophobic region being ______ Angstroms across.

A

60-100

30

32
Q

The cell membrane is a composite of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, but NOT…

A

Nucleic acids

33
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer, _________ decorate lipids and proteins, but are only presented on the surface NOT in contact with the cytosol.

A

Carbohydrates

34
Q

_______ membrane proteins span the entire width of the lipid bilayer.

A

Integral

35
Q

Membrane proteins have lots of hydrophobic amino acids displayed on their surfaces. Good feature for living in a hydrophobic environment, bad feature if the cytoplasm of the cell is ________.

A

Aqueous

36
Q

________ membrane proteins span only part of the width of the lipid bilayer.

A

Peripheral

37
Q

Peripheral membrane proteins have _________ anchors to the membrane.

A

Hydrophobic

38
Q

Membrane proteins constitue ______ of the proteome.

A

30 percent

39
Q

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of structures that allow for their ________ natures.

A

Flexible

40
Q

Lipids are 2-D fluids, allowing only ________ movement of components.

A

Lateral

41
Q

Lateral diffusion of components is very (RAPID/SLOW), and transverse diffusion (flip-flop) is very (RAPID/SLOW).

A

Rapid

Slow

42
Q

In bacteria, rigidity of the membrane is determined by…

A

Fatty acid composition

***Melting temp. determined by unsaturated fatty acids

43
Q

In humans, rigidity of the membrane is determined by…

A

Cholesterol content

44
Q

Remember, membranes are (ASYMMETRICAL/SYMMETRICAL) in structure.

A

Asymmetrical

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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