Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM: MSK (Midterm) COPY > Lecture 15: Development Of MSK > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Development Of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

When do muscle and skeleton begin developing?

A

Late week 3 -> in 4th week we begin building somites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to somites which divide into a ventromedial part and a dorsolateral part, what belongs to each part?

A

Ventromedial part = sclerotome

Dorsolateral part = dermatome and myotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During development of the vertebral column, sclerotomes divide into 2 segments, a caudal and cephalic part, which is loose and which is dense?

A 
Caudal = dense 
Cephalic = loose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All nerves exit the spinal cord above their vertebrae until you get to ______, all nerves below this point exit below their vertebrae

A

C8

C8 spinal cord exits below C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the caudal dense portion of the sclerotomes become?

A

Spinous process, transverse processes in the body of vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the cephalic loose portion of sclerotomes give you?

A

the body of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the annulus fibrosus portion of the spinal column come from?

A

The rest of the cells of the sclerotome that did give rise to vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is annulus fibrosus found?

A

It makes a ring around the nucleus pulposus (notochord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What substance is the annulus fibrosus made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What substance is the nucleus pulposus made of?

A

Mucoid substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are ribs made out of?

A

Sclerotome cells that grow out from costal processes of thoracic vertebrae -> costal cartilage also come from sclerotome (paraxial mesoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the sternum develop from?

A

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does an abnormality in the cervical rib contribute to?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What mutation causes thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

A genetic mutation in Hox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

Sternum protrusion -> “Pigeon’s chest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most likely cause of pectus carinatum?

A

Abnormal cartilage growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

Sternum depression -> “Funnel chest” (opposite of pigeons chest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most likely cause of pectus excavatum?

A

Either abnormal forces pulling on the sternum or abnormal formation of cartilage but it is unknown

  • It is known that is has something to do wth abnormal development of the somatic layer of lateral cartilages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is caudalization of Hox genes?

A

You get Hox genes higher up than they should be resulting in vertebrae forming according to what the vertebrae look like where that Hox gene would normally be in

20
Q

What is cranialization of Hox genes?

A

Loss of a Hox gene resulting in the vertebrae taking the shape and characteristics of the vertebrae above them

21
Q

The myotome splits into 2 segments, what are they?

A

Epimere and hypomere

22
Q

What does the epimere portion of the myotome give rise to?

A

Epaxial muscles -> true muscles of the back

23
Q

What does the hypomere portion of the myotome give rise to?

A

Hypaxial muscles -> muscles in limbs, abdomen, chest and neck

24
Q

What is the epimere portion of the myotome innervated by?

A

Dorsal rami

25
Q

What is the hypomere portion of the myotome innervated by?

A

ventral rami

26
Q

What do epaxial muscular divisions form?

A
  • Extensor muscles of neck and vertebral column (true back muscles)
27
Q

What does the hypaxial division of muscles give rise o?

A
  • Limbs, abdomen, and chest (muscles)

- Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrococcygeal myotomes

28
Q

What do sacrococcygeal myotomes give rise to?

A

Muscles of pelvic diaphragm

29
Q

What is Poland syndrome associated with?

A

Syndactyly

30
Q

What is absent in Poland syndrome?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

31
Q

What clinical symptoms are seen in Poland syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral breast hypoplasia

Absence of 2-4 ribs

32
Q

What is the problem underlying Poland syndrome?

A

The hypaxial part of the myotome didn’t migrate properly

33
Q

What is prune belly syndrome?

A

Partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature

34
Q

Who does prune belly syndrome primarily affect?

A

Males

35
Q

What is prune belly syndrome associated with?

A

Cryptorchidism (failur of one or both testes to descend)

Malformation of urinary tract and bladder (hypaxial part of myotomes failed to migrate properly)

36
Q

When are congenital abnormalities most likely to occur during development?

A

During weeks 3-8.

37
Q

Every muscle in your body arises from the mesoderm with the exception of the_______?

A

Iris (comes from neuroectoderm)

38
Q

Somites should be associated with _____ structures?

Somatic layer should be associated with ______structures?

A

Somites = superficial structures

Somatic layer of lateral plate = deep structures

39
Q

Somites condense around which structure to build vertebrate?

A

The notochord (template for vertebral column)

40
Q

Why is the migration of cephalic loose and caudal dense sclerotome important?

A

Allows for the myotome to become attached to two different vertebrates so that you can cross a joint with a muscle.

41
Q

What forms the nucleus pulposus?

A

Notochord expansion

42
Q

A cervical rib abnormality arises from what kind of mesoderm?

A

Sclerotome of Paraxial mesoderm

43
Q

Pectus carinatum and excavatum is an abnormality in which layer of mesoderm?

A

Somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.

44
Q

Sx seen in pectus excavatum?

A
  • Compression of the heart and lung spaces

- Pt’s often complain of dyspnea, excercise intolerance, and chest pain.

45
Q

In the paraxial mesoderm, which layer is the most dorsal?

A

Dermatome

COM: MSK (Midterm) COPY (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions