Lecture 16 (Population genetics 1: Darwin meets Mendel)

Question 1

Many different types of evolutionary processes

Answer 1

Mutation, drift, migration, non-random mating, natural selection

Question 2

Hardy Weinberg null hypothesis

Answer 2

When a population does not show any changes in frequencies

Question 3

Genotype frequency

Answer 3

the proportion of individuals with a genotype in the population

Question 4

Allele frequency

Answer 4

the proportion of an allele across all individuals or potential gametes in the population

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

It is a block of two or more different alleles together.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

is a single gene that can either be recessive or dominant

Question 7

Predicating allele and genotype frequencies under HWE

Answer 7

Variable: p, q
Allele: Dominant allele and recessive allele
Formula: p+q = 1
Variable p^2, 2pq, q^2
Allele: Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous, Homozygous recessive
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1

Question 8

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 8

In diploid organisms, genotype frequencies reach an equilibrium after one generation of random mating, and both genotype and allele frequencies remain constant in subsequent generations.

Question 9

Assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 9

1) No mutations
2) Large (infinite population)
3) Random mating
4) No gene flow from other populations
5) no natural selection