Lecture 19: Lower Extremity Joints II

Question 1

What is the most commonly torn meniscus?

Answer 1

Medial

• Lateral meniscus usually doesnt tear because of mobility

Question 2

Me is also tears that dont heal or cant be repaired are removed. What type of meniscal tears can often be repaired or will heal because of blood supply?

Answer 2

Peripheral meniscal tears

Question 3

How do you assess for meniscal tears?

Answer 3

Usually done by locating pain and crepitus along the joint line. This palpation for these symptoms must be done while simulataneously adducting or abducting the leg

Question 4

What is a passive fallen arch primarily due to?

Answer 4

Laxity in the spring ligament t

Question 5

The arches of the foot consist of dynamic and passive support. What does dynamic include?

Answer 5

Tibialis anterior and posterior, flexor hallucis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles

Question 6

Arches of the foot consist of dynamic and passive support. What is passive by?

Answer 6

Plantar aponeurosis, short and long plantar ligaments and the plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments (spring ligaments)

Question 7

The arch of what portion of the foot only has passive stabilizers?

Answer 7

Forefoot

• THe arches of the metatarsus and tarsus have only active/dynamic stabilizers

Question 8

What is Pes transversoplanus?

Answer 8

Loss of transverse arch

Question 9

What is Pes planus?

Answer 9

Loss of longitudinal arch

Question 10

In adolescents and adults, flatfeet result from fallen arches. What has become abnormally stretched?

Answer 10

Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

Question 11

In flatfeet, _________________ ligament can no longer support the talus head and the talar head displaces inferomedially and becomes prominent

Answer 11

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Question 12

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 12

Hinge synovial joint -> dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the capsule of the ankle joint?

Answer 13

Articular capsule that is thin anteriorly and posteriorly, each side supported by strong collateral ligaments (medial and lateral ligaments)

Question 14

What 3 bones make up the ankle joint?

Answer 14

Tibia and fibula and talus

Question 15

In the ankle, when is the malleolus grip on the trochlea the strongest?

Answer 15

Dorsiflexion

• Wider, anterior part moves posteriorly, spreading leg bones

Question 16

What is the funtion of the medial/deltoid ligament of the ankle?

Answer 16

Stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion

Question 17

What group of ligaments are torn in a high ankle sprain?

Answer 17

Lateral ligaments (posterior and anterior tibiofibular ligaments)

Question 18

What ligament of the angle is the major one to be torn in a low ankle sprain?

Answer 18

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 19

What are the 2 major intertarsal joints?

Answer 19

Transverse tarsal joint (calcaneocuboid joint + talonavicular joint)
Subtalar joint (talocalcanean joint)

Question 20

What 2 joints form the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 20

Talonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 21

What is the function of the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 21

2 joints working together to permit slight rotation and add to inversion and eversion at the talocalcaneal joint

Question 22

Transaction across what joint is standard for surgical amputation of the foot?

Answer 22

Transverse tarsal joint -> usually the talonavicular joint specifically

Question 23

What are the main movements of the subtalar joint?

Answer 23

Inversion and eversion

Question 24

What is the most frequently injured joint in the body?

Answer 24

Ankle

Question 25

Ankle sprains (ligament fiber tears) are almost always ______________ injury

Answer 25

Inversion

Question 26

A posterior displacement of the tibia upon the femur would be indicative of injury to which ligament?

Answer 26

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 27

During PE of a patients knee, there is pain and swelling in addition to locking of the knee in full extension. Radiologic examination reveals a bucket handle meniscal tear. What ligament is most likely injured?

Answer 27

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 28

PE of a pt reveals a “housemaid’s knee” condition. Which structure of the knee is most likely affected?

Answer 28

Infrapatellar bursa