Lecture 2 - Injury Prevention and Emergency Action Planning

Question 1

What is the comprehensive model for injury causation?

Answer 1

• a model that shows the risk factors (internal, predisposed, external and susceptibility) and the injury mechanism
• shows how likely you are to get injured and what causes the actual injury to occur

Question 2

what are internal risk factors?

Answer 2

• things that predispose the athlete to injury
• affect your likelihood of getting injured
• ex: age, sex, body composition, health, fitness, skill level, mental state, etc.

Question 3

what are external risk factors?

Answer 3

• things that cause the athlete to be more susceptible to injury
• ex: aggressive coaching, bad equipment, environment, rules of the game, etc.

Question 4

what is the inciting event?

Answer 4

• what causes the injury itself to occur
• could be mental of physical
• ex: playing situation, player/opponents behaviour, biomechanical description, etc.

Question 5

how does the dynamic model of injury compare to the comprehensive model?

Answer 5

• still intrinsic and extrinsic
• has both events and inciting events (situations where the injury does not take place)
• also has adaptations for either after injury recovery, or if injury doesn’t occur, change so the situation doesn’t occur again

Question 6

how can you measure if activity-related injury is reduced?

Answer 6

• benefit: risk ratio
• ideally want this to be improved

Question 7

what are the 3 characterizations of injury prevention?

Answer 7

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary

Question 8

what is primary prevention?

Answer 8

• how we prevent an injury from happening
• need to eliminate the event

Question 9

what are the 3 dimensions of prevention?

Answer 9

1. athlete
2. surroundings
3. equipment

Question 10

what is secondary prevention?

Answer 10

• things to protect the athlete should an injurious situation occur
• how we can diminish the effect of the incident

Question 11

how can you use secondary prevention?

Answer 11

• better athletic equipment (if someone falls, how will they be protected)
• better falling techniques (if someone falls, will they roll properly to avoid broken bones)

Question 12

what is tertiary prevention?

Answer 12

• focus on reducing the consequences of the injury
• how do we improve the outcomes
• how do we deal with the injury to reduce the fatal effects

Question 13

what are some examples of tertiary prevention?

Answer 13

• EAP’s
• first aid equipment
• rehab

Question 14

what are the primary, secondary and tertiary preventions for the “athlete” dimension?

Answer 14

• primary = technique, neuromuscular function
• secondary = training status, falling techniques
• tertiary = rehabilitation

Question 15

what are the primary, secondary and tertiary preventions for the “surroundings” dimension?

Answer 15

• primary = floor friction, playing rules
• secondary = safety nets
• tertiary = emergency medical coverage

Question 16

what are the primary, secondary and tertiary preventions for the “equipment” dimension?

Answer 16

• primary = shoe friction
• secondary = tape or brace, ski bindings, protective equipment
• tertiary = 1st aid equipment, ambulance

Question 17

what is an EAP?

Answer 17

• emergency action plan
• a document that states mutually agreed upon methods of care/delivery/responsibilities via step-by-step procedures, used when an incident occurs

Question 18

what are we protecting with an EAP?

Answer 18

• civil liability: aka when a person engages in conduct that results in harm to another private individual
• unintentional torts: aka when harm is caused to a person unintentionally

Question 19

what are the 3 elements of negligence for legal liability?

Answer 19

1. a duty of care
2. a breach of the standard of care
3. damage or injury that results from the breach

Question 20

who should be involved in EAP planning?

Answer 20

• everyone
• front office, security, coaches, medical staff, players

Question 21

why should EAP’s be rehearsed?

Answer 21

• improve response
• detect deficiencies
• try different roles in case someone is missing
• so you don’t screw up in a real emergency

Question 22

why is the debriefing stage important?

Answer 22

• changes in phone numbers or equipment must be documented
• how can you make things run smoother next time

Question 23

what information must be on an EAP?

Answer 23

• name of event (and date)
• address of event
• field number, ice surface, etc.
• phone number
• EMS access doors, gate, etc.
• procedure
• emergency equipment

Question 24

what is involved in the procedure aspect of the EAP?

Answer 24

• charge person
• control person
• call person
• and their respective roles in the situation

Question 25

what is the role of the charge person?

Answer 25

• “in charge”
• when to activate EAP
• when to relinquish care (to paramedics for example)
• who takes care of the equipment (helmets, shoulder pads, etc.)

Question 26

what is the role of the control person?

Answer 26

• “crowd/area control”
• assists the charge person
• remove additional people from the area
• find necessary equipment (for the charge person)
• find the call person

Question 27

what is the role of the call person?

Answer 27

• calls people
• calls 911 (if an ambulance is necessary)
• explains to the ambulance where to go and meets them there, brings them to the scene

Question 28

what information should be presented during an emergency phone call (by the call person)?

Answer 28

• type of emergency/suspected injury
• present condition (consciousness, breathing)
• current assistance (CPR, AED, etc.)
• phone number being used
• location of the emergency (facility name, address, door entrance)
• early limitations (stair only, drive in, etc.)

Question 29

what is listed in the emergency equipment section of the EAP?

Answer 29

• equipment you have access to
• ensure equipment is ready to use (prepped, charged, etc.)
• ensure everyone knows where the equipment is kept