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315 - anatomy > lecture 20: posterior thigh, knee and popliteal fossa > Flashcards

lecture 20: posterior thigh, knee and popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: biceps femoris has 2 heads

A

yes means two head of femur

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2
Q

what are the 2 heads of the biceps femoris

A

long and short head

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3
Q

do the 2 heads of biceps femoris have a common origin or insetrtion

A

common insetion, seperate origions

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4
Q

what is the origin of the LH of biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberocity

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5
Q

what is the insertion of the LH of biceps femoris

A

head of the fibula

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6
Q

what is the origin of the SH of the biceps femoris

A

posterior femur (linea aspera)

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7
Q

what is the insertion of the SH of the biceps femoris

A

head of the fibula

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8
Q

what is the common insertion of the LH and SH of bicpes fmeoris

A

head of the fibula

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9
Q

does the biceps femoris lie lateral or medial

A

lateral

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10
Q

what is the common origin of the hamstrings

A

ischial tuberocity (excep short head of biceps femoris)

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11
Q

all hamstring muscles have a common origin on the ishal tubercoity except whta muscle

A

SH of the biceps femoris

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12
Q

what is the common action of the hamstring muscles

A

hip extension
knee flexion
(except SH of biceps femoris does not contribute to hip extension)

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13
Q

true of false and explain: all the hamstring muscles can contribute to hip extension AND knee flexion

A

false,
(except SH of biceps femoris does not contribute to hip extension)

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14
Q

the lever arm for the biceps femoris is located behind or infront of joint and what does that mean

A

behind the joint
means it will to knee flexion

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15
Q

what are the 2 medial muscles of the hamstrings

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosis

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16
Q

what is the origin of sem tendinodis

A

isciah ltub

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17
Q

what is the origin of the semi membranosis

A

ischial tub

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18
Q

what is the insertion of the semi tendionosus

A

antermedial tibia (pes anserinus)

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19
Q

what is the insertion of the semimembranosis

A

posteromedial tibia

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20
Q

which hamstring muscle inserts as part of the pes anserinus

A

the semi tendinosus

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21
Q

semitendinosus lies most posterior or anterior in the pes ansirunus

A

posterio

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22
Q

what are the 3 tendons in pes anserinus

A

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus

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23
Q

which hamstring muscle is more medial

A

semimembranosus

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24
Q

true of false: the hamstrings do not contribute to the popliteal fossa

A

false, they contribute to the superior (M/L) borders of the popliteal

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25
Q

the hamstrings contribute to what borders of the popliteal

A

the superior (M/L)

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26
Q

which hamstrings in particular make up the superior botdrs of the popliteal

A

semimembranosus (M)
biceps femoris (L)

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27
Q

hamstrings are innervated by what n

A

sciatic (L4-S3)

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28
Q

what is the nerve contribution to the sciatic n

A

L4-S3

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29
Q

the posterior compartment of the thigh receives blood supply from what

A

perforating arteries of the deep femoral

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30
Q

the perforating arteries that innervate the posterior thigh branched off what a

A

deep femoral

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31
Q

what allows the perforating aa to travel from anterior to psoterior around the back of the femur s

A

openings in the adductor magnus

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32
Q

femoral a passes through what in the thigh to become popliteal

A

adductor hiatus

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33
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the knee joint

A

femoral condyles and tibial plateaus (2: right and left)
patella (sesamoid bone) with paterlla groove of the gemur

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34
Q

femoral condyles articulate with what at the knee

A

tibiial plateaus

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35
Q

patella is what kind of bone

A

sesamoid

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36
Q

where does the patella articualte with

A

the paterallar groove of the femur

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37
Q

what is the purpose of the large synovial cavity at yhe knee

A

need cavity to stretch when going 180 flexion
=large to accomadate ROM

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38
Q

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome aka

A

runners knee

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39
Q

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

misallignment of the patella in the femoral trochlea

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40
Q

where is paterllofemoral pain syndrome most common

A

laterally
More large

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41
Q

what is a cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

muscle imbalance in the quadricepts

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42
Q

what is treatment of the patellofemoral pain sydrome

A

strengthening of quadriceps (ex: vastus medialis)
to restore proper tracking of the patella in the patellar groove, compensate for potentially stronger laterallis

43
Q

the collateral ligaments of the knee (tibiofemoral) are intra or extra capsulate ligaments

A

extracapsular

44
Q

what does the medial tibial collateral lig (MCL) attach to

A

medial femoral epicondyle
proximal tibia
medial meniscus

45
Q

what does the lateral tibial collateral lig (LCL) attach to

A

lateral femoral epicondyle
head of fibula

46
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

modifed condylar (not the most stable)

47
Q

which (LCL or MCL) is more round shaped

A

LCL

48
Q

true or false: the LCL is completely outside the joint capsule

A

true

49
Q

which (MCL/LCL) is completely outside of the joint capsule

A

LCL

50
Q

the LCL or MCL is cord like

A

LCL

51
Q

which (LCL/MCL) is a flat band

A

MCL

52
Q

the MCL attaches to what

A

the joint capsule

53
Q

the MCL has a firm attahcment to what

A

the medial meniscus

54
Q

what is more commonly injured, LCL or MCL

A

MCL

55
Q

after the patella, the quadriceps tendon is considered what

A

patella ligament

56
Q

the cruciate ligaments are intra or extra cepsular

A

intra (but outside the synvoail membrane)

57
Q

true or false: the crucial ligaments are intracapsula but outside synovial memrbaen

A

true

58
Q

which is intracapsular, crucial or colalteral ligaments of the knee

A

cruciate

59
Q

what are the cruciate ligaments

A

anterior and posterior cruciate

60
Q

what is the function of the cruciate ligaments

A

limits anterior (ACL) or psoterial (PCL) translateion of tibia relative to femure

61
Q

explain the direction of the PCL

A

forward
upward
medial
(FUM)

62
Q

explain the direction of the ACL

A

backward
upward
lateral
(BUL)

63
Q

ACL limits what

A

limits anterior displacement of tiba on fixed femur

64
Q

PCL limits what

A

limits posterior displacement of tibia on femur

65
Q

what do both the ACL and PCL work together to assist with

A

with rotational stability of th eknee

66
Q

what is the function of the drawer tests

A

assessing tibia movement relative to femu

67
Q

what is the anterior drawer sign

A

ACL prevents femur from sliding posterior
hyperextension of the knee
limits medial rotation

68
Q

what is the posterior drawer sign

A

PCL prevents femur from sliding anterionr

69
Q

wht posterior and anterior drawers tests are tested with what leg

A

flexed leg

70
Q

where are the knee menisci located

A

inside fibrous capsule, but outside the synovial cavity

71
Q

what are menisci

A

fibrocartilagenous discs (wedge-shaped in coronal section) that provide cushioning for the knee and enhance joint congruence of the femoral and tibial condylar surfaces

72
Q

which menisci is attached to the MCL

A

medial

73
Q

whcih menisi is relatively immobile

A

medial menisci

74
Q

true or false: the lateral menisci is relateive immboilate

A

false, the medial is

75
Q

which (medial or lateral) meniscus is crescent shaped

A

medial

76
Q

which menisi is fairly mbile

A

lateral

77
Q

which menisuc is circualr shaoe

A

lateral (almost complete O)

78
Q

during knee extension, where does the lateral meniscus move

A

pushed anterior to joint

79
Q

what are the 5 bursa of the knee

A

prepatellar bursa
deep infrapatellar bursa
superficial intrapatella bursa
lateral bursa
medial bursa

80
Q

what is the suprapatella puch

A

superior continuation of the synovail cavity

81
Q

medial bursae of knee is associated with what structures

A

anseris
semimembranosis

82
Q

what is the function of the bursae of the knee

A

lumbricate and reduce friction for large rom

83
Q

what msucle allows the screw home mechanism

A

popliteus

84
Q

in locking (knee fully extension), what is the motion of the femur

A

medial rotation

85
Q

in unlocking (initiating knee flexion), what is the motion of the femur

A

lateral rotation

86
Q

medial rotation of femur in locking or unlocking

A

locking (knee fully extended)

87
Q

lateral rotation of femur in locking or unlocking

A

initioning knee flexion

88
Q

what is the origin of the popliteus

A

lateral femoral condyle (deep to LCL)

89
Q

what is the insertin of the popliteaus m

A

above soleal line on posterior tibia

90
Q

the popliteus is involved in what fucntion

A

unlocking of ht knee

91
Q

what is the superior border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus (medial)
bicep femoris (latearl)

92
Q

what is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemus (maybe plantaris)

93
Q

what are the nerve contents of the popliteal fossa

A

sicatic n (splits into tibial n and common fibular n)
medial and lateral sural cutaneus

94
Q

where does sciatic n end

A

near superior border of popliteal fossa

95
Q

what does the sicantic split into

A

tibial n (remains middle)
common fibular (latearl)

96
Q

lateral sural cuteranous brances off what

A

common fibular

97
Q

medial sural cuteanous branches off what

A

tibial n

98
Q

tibial n dives deep under what muscle

A

gastroc

99
Q

what are the vascular and lymphatic contents

A

popliteal a
popliteal v
(lesser saphenous)
popliteal lymphnodes

100
Q

femoral a and vein become popliteal when

A

as they pass trhough adductor hiatus

101
Q

lesser sapgenous vein branches off what

A

popliteal v

102
Q

where do the popliteal lymmphnodes drain

A

into popliteal v

103
Q

the genicular artries form an anastomosis around what

A

the patella and surronding joint

104
Q

what are the genicular arteries off the popliteal a

A

superior medial and lateral genicular
inferior medial and lateral genicular

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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