lecture 3

Question 1

1. what does landscape mean

Answer 1

multipule diffrent ecosystems

Question 2

2. explain how moth resembles natural selection

Answer 2

moth undergoes mutation for it to become dark (supports survival)
Here, NS occurs to support animal survival in specific environment

Question 3

3. *Natural selection can act on small differences between individuals

These small differences may accumulate over evolutionary time  larger changes

Answer 3

n/a

Question 4

4. what is adaptive evolution

Answer 4

features of organisms that improve their ability to survive & reproduce in their environments increase in frequency over time

Question 5

5. what is adaptation

Answer 5

An inherited trait that makes an organism better suited to its environment and has been selected for by NS

Question 6

6. describe the difference between heritable and acquired

Answer 6

heritable: trait can be passed on (acted on by NS

acquired: trait is obtained. you do not get it/receive it (not acted on by NS)

Question 7

7. *Adaptations are the result of NS

Individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring than individuals with other versions of the trait

Natural selection causes Adaptive Evolution

Answer 7

n/a

Question 8

8. what are the 3 things that cause NS

Answer 8

1. Variation (differances that are present in population)
2. Inheritance (if its passed on vs. acquired)
3. Differential reproductive success (survive long enough to reproduce)

Question 9

9. What are the two things fitness is determined by

Answer 9

Survival rate

Reproductive success

Question 10

10. explain how tounge orchid case is an example of Genetic changes that improve the fitness of individuals tend to inc. in frequency over time

Answer 10

*the plant evolved to feel like a female wasp. The plant wants to attract male wasps to give pollen

Question 11

*becuase of NS, organisms can be well-suited to their environment over time

Answer 11

n/a

Question 12

12. explain beak NS study

Answer 12

*Goal of the natural study: to explore the effect of selection on the insect’s beak length

when smaller fruits were introduced to an animal’s habitat, their beaks grew smaller to help consume the fruit better

Therefore, NS caused by a direct interaction with their food

Question 13

13. how can evolution and ecology link

Answer 13

Natural selection and the adaptive evolution that results, is driven by the interactions of organisms with each other & with their environment

Question 14

14. what are the two things natural selection is limited by

Answer 14

Evolutionary history

Ecological trade-offs

Question 15

15. *When a group of organisms evolves a new effective adaptation, the outcome of ecological interactions may change

Answer 15

n/a

Question 16

16. Evolution occurs as organisms interact with each other & their physical environment

Ecological changes alter the selective pressures that organisms face

*ex removing a preditor- to do this NS may select for prey to run faster

Answer 16

n/a

Question 17

17. what are Rapid Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks (refer to sl 37 for diagram)

Answer 17

Leads to evolutionary changes that can modify aspects of populations, communities, ecosystems