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Genetics and Genomics in Nursing > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A linear polymer of amino acids joined by covalent peptide bonds. Constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids

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2
Q

What is a protein?

A

A biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides

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3
Q

What is the function of hormonal protein?

A

coordination of an organism

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4
Q

What is the function of receptor proteins?

A

Response of cell to chemical stimuli

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5
Q

What is the function of contractile and motor proteins?

A

movement

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6
Q

What is the function of Structural proteins?

A

Support

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7
Q

What is the function of Enzymatic proteins?

A

Selective accelerations of chemical reactions

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8
Q

What is the function of defensive proteins?

A

Protection against disease

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9
Q

What is the function of Storage proteins?

A

Storage of amino acids

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10
Q

What is the function of
Transport proteins

A

transport of substances

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11
Q

How does a cell make proteins?

A

DNA is transcription into RNA. RNA is translation in initial protein then into the final protein.

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12
Q

3 Main differences between RNA and DNA

A

RNA is single-stranded polymer of nucleotides
Nucleotides contain ribose
The nitrogen-containing bases are A,C,G,U

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13
Q

BLANK genes, not the Blank genome, are transcribed into mRNA then translated into protein

A

Specific gene, not the entire genome, are transcribed into mRNA then translated into protein

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14
Q

What is Transcription

A

RNA reads the template strand of DNA and synthesizes(combined) RNA to the DNA template

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15
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

What is A group with in an RNA sequence?

A

U - uracil

17
Q

When the sequences of RNA are cut out, and the remaining exons joined together. What is this called?

A

splicing

18
Q

What is translation?

A

The synthesis of proteins guided by the template mRNA

18
Q

Why does mRNA exit the nucleus?

A

To be translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm

19
Q

how many nucleotides does a codon have?

A

3

20
Q

What is a start codon?

A

AUG

21
Q

What are the three stop/nonsense codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

22
Q

What are the three major types of RNA that cells synthesize to that is required for protein synthesis? What do each do?

A

Messenger RNA- carries gene information from DNA to the ribosome
Ribosomal RNA- part of the structure of ribosomes
Transfer RNA- brings amino acids to the ribosome

23
Q

What are the 3 things translation requires?

A

mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes

24
Q

What are the three stages of translation?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

25
Q

Mutations are permanent or temporary?

A

Permanent

26
Q

What are two basic requirement to produce a heritable mutation?

A

Base sequence is changed

Change in DNA sequence is not repaired before cell division

27
Q

What is a point mutation? what are the three types?

A

Change in one base
Slient, missense, nonsense

28
Q

What is a silent mutations

A

No change in the sequence

29
Q

Missense mutation is

A

results in one changed amino acid in the protein sequence

30
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

Codon is changed to a STOP condon, which results to a truncated protein

31
Q

What mutations are more serious then point mutations?

A

Insertions and Deletions

32
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

alters the reading frame of the message which changes the entire protein

33
Q

What is a somatic mutations?

A

Mutations occur in non-reproductive cells
- NOT INHERITED BY KIDS

34
Q

What is a germline mutations?

A

Occur in reproductive cells -KIDS CAN GET

35
Q

What kind of disease is sickle cell and what is it caused by?

A

It is a monogenic disorder caused by a point mutation

36
Q

Do people with SCD have the same or different mutation?

A

SAME

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of SCD?

A
  • pain during sickling episode
  • poor perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs
  • Eventual organ ischemia(Low blood flow and oxygen) and death
  • Chronic anemia
  • Increase risk of infection
  • reduced life span

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing (10 decks)

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