Lecture 3

Question 1

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

For any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the
universe remains constant. Energy may change form or be transported, but it cannot be created
or destroyed.

Question 2

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

Second Law: In all natural processes, the entropy of the universe (total S) increases.

Question 3

What is the equation and symbol for Enthalpy?

Answer 3

H = E + PV or H = E + PV (easy to measure on bench top)

Question 4

What is the equation and symbol for entropy

Answer 4

S = k lnW or S = k ln( Wf /Wi

); S = Δq/T where w is ways of aranging solute

Question 5

What is the equation for gibs free energy?

Answer 5

G=H-TS

G= G(naught) +RTLnc

Question 6

What does G(naugt) refer to?

Answer 6

The standard state free energy (reactants at 1 M, 25 C, 1 ATM) most Biochem G(naught) are at pH 7

Question 7

Describe equilibrium endergonic and exergonic in terms of delta g

Answer 7

delta g less than 0 exergonic
delta g = 0 equilibrium
delta g greater than 0 endergonic

Question 8

Describe coupled reactions

Answer 8

the use of a favorable reaction to drive an unfavorable one 
delta g (naught)3=delta g(naught)1+delta g(naught)2

Question 9

Living cells are not at equilibrium they are in a _____ _____

Answer 9

steady state

Question 10

The ability of a compound to 
move electrons can be 
measured experimentally as 
a \_\_\_\_\_, measured 
in \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 10

redox potential, volts

Question 11

Oxidation of food stuffs releases energy. Some of the released energy is “converted” into high
energy,________such as ______

Answer 11

reduced coenzymes , NADH

Question 12

gibs free energy from redox potential

Answer 12

Delta g naught =-nF(redox potential)