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Earth And Life Sciences > Lecture 3 : Minerals and Rocks > Flashcards

Lecture 3 : Minerals and Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

**

It is an aggregrate of one or more minerals

A

Rock

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2
Q

Rocks can be minerals but not all minerals are rocks

True or False

A

True

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3
Q

**

What are the three optical properties of Minerals?

A

1. Luster
2. Color
3. Streak

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4
Q

What are the two properties of minerals regarding mineral strength

A

1. Tenacity
2. Hardness

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5
Q

It is the quality of light that being reflected by the surface of a mineral

A

Luster

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6
Q

It looks like a shiny metal such as chrome, steel, silver, or gold

A

Metallic Luster

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7
Q

These minerals may be shiny and reflect light, however, they do not look like a metal.

A

Non-metallic Luster

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8
Q

It is when the light that strikes the object does not pass through the mineral

A

opaque

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9
Q

When light strikes a ________ mineral, some of the light passes through it.

A

translucent

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10
Q

Color is one of the properties of a mineral and considered as a reliable property when identifying minerals (true or false)

A

false

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11
Q

What type of rocks are formed by cooling of molten materials above the Earth’s surface?

A

Volcanic Rocks

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a physical property of a mineral?

a. Luster
b. Tenacity
c. Specific Gravity
d. Flammability

A

D. Flammability

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13
Q

Which of the following is not a criterion of minerals?

a. Minerals should be organic
b. Minerals should be naturally occuring
c. Minerals should be solid
d. Minerals should have orderly structure

A

a. Minerals should be organic

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14
Q

Which of the following statement is correct?

a. Metamorphic rocks solidify to form igneous rocks.
b. Magma that crystallizes and solidifies at the surface of the earth(lava) is called volcanic rock or extrusive igneous rock
c. Uplifting is the process of forming magma from metamorphic rocks.
d. Compacting and sedimentation changes igneous to metamorphic rocks.

A

b. Magma that crystallizes and solidifies at the surface of the earth(lava) is called volcanic rock or extrusive igneous rock.

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15
Q

Which of the following conditions rock melts and forms into magma?

a. The addition of fluids, such as water, may increase the melting point of some minerals in the rock and cause the rock to melt.
b. If the temperature of the rock rises above the melting point of the minerals the rock composed, of the rock will melt.
c. If enough pressure is added in the rock, the melting point will decrease and the rock will melt.
d. If the rock experienced too much stress, deformation of the rocks occurs and when deformation happens, magma will form.

A

b. If the temperature of the rock rises above the melting point of the minerals the rock composed, of the rock will melt.

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16
Q

Based on the Mohs scale, which of the following is the 3rd hardest mineral and usually use in gemstones?

a. Corundum
b. Topaz
c. Quartz
d. Calcite

A

b. Topaz

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17
Q

_____ is exhibited when a mineral breaks and smooth flat surfaces are formed from breakage

A

Cleavage

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18
Q

chemical sedimentary rocks contain fossils of plants and animals (true or false)

A

false

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19
Q

It is formed by accumulation, compaction and cementation of different particles because of physical and chemical weathering

A

Detrital sedimentary rocks

20
Q

When the light strikes a ______ mineral, almost all the lights will completely pass through

A

Transparent

21
Q

It is the property of a mineral that is easiest to identify

A

Color

22
Q

It is the color of the mineral in powdered form. / can be obtained by rubbing the mineral across/ this property is often used in identifying the mineral since it is very consistent unlike color

A

Streak

23
Q

It determines how easy mineral breaks or deforms when exposed to stress

A

Mineral strength

24
Q

The terms used to describe mineral strength are tenacity, hardness, cleavage, and fracture

A
  • tenacity
  • hardness
  • cleavage
  • fracture
25
Q

Refers to the mineral’s resistance to breaking or deforming. This mineral can be either brittle, malleable or elastic

A

Tenacity

26
Q

It is the measure of a mineral’s resistance to abrasion or scratching.

A

Hardness

27
Q

To determine the hardness of a mineral, a comparative hardness scale assigning numerical values to hardness of a mineral was ???

A

Friedrich Mohs

28
Q

It is exhibited when a mineral breaks and smooth flat surfaces are form breakage

A

Cleavage

29
Q

A measurement done by mineralogist to describe the density of the mineral. It also represents the ratio of the mass of the mineral to the mass of equal volume of water

A

Specific Gravity

30
Q

Any solid that is naturally found on earth.

A

Rock

31
Q

The magma cools and solidifies through the process of crystallization which may occur either beneath the surface of the earth or at the surface through volcanic eruption. The resulting rock is called ??

A

Igneous rocks

32
Q

It may consist of minerals, other pre existing rocks or organic debris

A

Rock

33
Q

The igneous rock undergo weathering (true or false)

A

True

34
Q

The eroded materials are deposited as ??

A

Sediments

35
Q

The sediments undergo lithification (conversion to rock) to become ???? When compacted and cemented

A

Sedimentary rocks

36
Q

It is formed by crystallization and solidification of molten rock and made up of 80% of the mass of the earths crust (e.g. obsidian)

A

Igneous rock

37
Q

These are formed from magma erupted from a volcano and is the most common rock types on earths surface particularly in the ocean (e.g. pumice)

A

Volcanic rocks

38
Q

They are crystallized slowly cooling magma below the surface of the earth. (e.g. granite)

A

Plutonic rocks

39
Q

70% of the rocks on the earth are sedimentary in origin (true or false)

A

True

40
Q

Are metamorphic rocks without layering, banding or alignment. Marble and quartzite

A

Non-foliated textures

41
Q

Are brought about by pressure. Pressure causes mineral grains to realign and certain minerals to recrystallized. (e.g. slate, schist and gneiss)

A

Foliated textures

42
Q

Started out as some other types of rocks, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form

A

Metamorphic rocks

43
Q

They are formed from consolidation of material (sediments) from pre-existing rocks, from precipitation or from life processes (e.g. sandstone)

A

Sedimentary rocks

44
Q

Those that are formed by accumulation, compaction and cementation lf different particles that came from mechanical or chemical weathering

A

Detrial sedimentary rocks

45
Q

Forms when dissolved materials precipitate

A

Chemical sedimentary rocks

46
Q

They are formed by accumulated sedimentary debris caused by organic processes. (E.g bituminous coal)

A

Organic sedimentary

Earth And Life Sciences (5 decks)

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