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VETS1060: Final Exam > Lecture 30 Mammalian Organ Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 30 Mammalian Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The cell is the

A

Building block of life that performs specific functions

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2
Q

Tissues are

A

Collections of the same cells (or multiple cell types of the same origin) that perform specific functions

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3
Q

Tissues can be

A

Microscopic and macroscopic

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4
Q

Organs contain ___ and often have ____

A

Several tissue types; multiple functions

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5
Q

Discrete macroscopic structures

A

Ie. Organs, can see/hold them

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6
Q

Organ systems consist of

A

Multiple organs that combine to perform one primary function

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7
Q

Diffuse

A

Ie. harder to identify (ex. Immune system, endocrine)

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8
Q

Musculoskeletal System is comprised of

A

-bones
-joints
-skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Primary function of musculoskeletal system is

A

Movement and locomotion

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10
Q

Secondary functions of the musculoskeletal system (5)

A

-support body
-protect organs
-generate heat through contraction of muscles
-calcium metabolism
-haematopoiesis

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11
Q

Haematopoiesis is

A

The generation of blood cells within the bone marrow

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system is comprised of

A

-heart
-blood vessels

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13
Q

Blood flow in heart is

A

Into the right side and out of the left

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14
Q

Primary function of cardiovascular system is

A

Provision of nutrition and oxygen to cells

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15
Q

Secondary functions of the cardiovascular system include (4)

A

-transport hormones (endocrine)
-removal of CO2 and other waste products
-transport of immune cells around body (immune)
-temperature regulation through vascular thermoregulation (ie. superficial blood vessels contract or restrict)

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16
Q

Nervous System is comprised of

A

-brain
-spinal cord
-ganglia
-cranial and peripheral nerves

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17
Q

Three systems of the nervous system are

A

-Central Nervous System (CNS)
-Periferal Nervous System (PNS)
-Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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18
Q

The CNS is comprised of

A

-brain
-spinal cord

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19
Q

The PNS is comprised of

A

-afferent nerves
-efferent nerves)

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20
Q

ANS is divided into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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21
Q

Primary functions of the nervous system

A

Sensing the environment and coordinating a response

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22
Q

Secondary functions of the nervous system (2)

A

-thinking/decision making (ie. cognition)
-regulation of many functions through ANS (ex. Respiration, cardiac function, etc)

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23
Q

Respiratory System is comprised of

A

-nose
-nasal cavity
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tree
-lungs
-diaphragm
-muscles and bones of the thorax

24
Q

Primary function of the respiratory system

A

Oxygenation of blood

25
Q

Secondary functions of the respiratory system (5)

A

-removal of CO2
-control of blood pH
-olfaction (smell)
-vocalization
-thermoregulation (panting)

26
Q

Urinary (Renal) System is comprised of

A

-kidneys
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra

27
Q

Primary functions of the urinary system is

A

-Removal of waste products
-Regulate correct hydration levels

28
Q

Secondary functions of the renal system (3)

A

-regulation of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the blood
-regulation of blood pH (hydrogen)
-territorial marking

29
Q

What comprises the reproductive system

A

Female:
-ovaries
-uterus
-cervix
-vagina
-vulva

Male:
-testes
-prostate
-penis

30
Q

Primary function of the reproductive system

A

To reproduce

31
Q

Most important system from a biological sense

A

Reproductive

32
Q

Least important system regarding functional / survival sense

A

Reproductive

33
Q

Secondary function of the reproductive system

A

Manufacturing sex hormones responsible for secondary sex traits and behaviours

34
Q

Which systems have a shared anatomy and developmental pathway

A

Urogenital (urinary + reproductive)

35
Q

Which organ indicates the number of offspring a species will have

A

Uterine horn

36
Q

The digestive system is comprised of

A

-mouth
-teeth
-tongue
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-liver
-small intestine
-pancreas
-caecum
-large intestine
-rectum
-anus

37
Q

Primary function of the digestive system

A

Provision of nutrition to circulatory system for cells of the entire body

38
Q

Most studied system in vet science is the

A

Digestive system

39
Q

Three types of digestive systems

A

-monograstric
-ruminants
-hindgut fermenters

40
Q

Secondary functions of the digestive system (4)

A

-excretion of some waste products
-maintenance of hydration
-regulation and balance of essential substances
-territorial marking

41
Q

Absorption of water occurs in the

A

Large intestine

42
Q

Integumentary system is comprised of

A

-skin
-hooves
-horns
-hair

43
Q

Primary function of the integument system

A

Protect the body from the outside world

44
Q

Secondary functions of the integument system (4)

A

-fighting and sexual selection
-locomotion
-territorial marking (scent glands)
-temperature regulation (sweat)

45
Q

Two pathways of the immune system

A

-innate
-adaptive

46
Q

Immune system is comprised of

A

-thymus
-bone marrow
-lymph nodes
-spleen

47
Q

White Blood Cells are part of the

A

Innate immune system

48
Q

Cellular component of innate immune system includes

A

-macrophages
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-mast cells

49
Q

Only vertebrates have an ____ immune system

A

Adaptive

50
Q

The adaptive immune system is comprised of ____ and is responsible for

A

T and B lymphocytes responsible for antibodies and memory

51
Q

Primary function of the immune system

A

Fight foreign intrusions

52
Q

Secondary functions of the immune system include (2)

A

-wound repair
-fighting cancer

53
Q

The endocrine system is comprised of

A

Glands that secrete hormones into the blood:
-pituitary
-adrenal
-pineal
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-pancreas (endocrine and digestive)
-ovaries
-testes
-placenta
-also kidney, stomach, intestine)

54
Q

Primary function of the endocrine system is

A

To signal other systems

55
Q

Sensory systems are part of the ___ and include ____

A

Central Nervous System; eyes and ears

56
Q

Primary function of the eyes

A

-vision
-balance

57
Q

Primary function of the ears

A

-hearing
-balance

VETS1060: Final Exam (17 decks)

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