lecture 4

Question 1

smog and pollutant

Answer 1

geography influences smog and can trap air and wont allow it to move
-smog can come and go, polluntants are sunlight based (photochemical)
polluntants wont diffuse and will stay where they are formed

Question 2

UV

Answer 2

will not reach ground because of reactions with o2 to create o3

Question 3

tropospheric pollutants

Answer 3

ozone in troposphere fluctuates during the day

-ozone is secondary pollutant formed with sunlight

Question 4

ozone

Answer 4

near surface it isnt good because we breathe it and it is reactive b/c of double bonds
photocopier produces ozone at gorund level
electrical discharge in air - lighting

Question 5

dirty fuel (coal)

Answer 5

-coal isnt pure carbon

burning other compounds not just co2 in combustion rxn

Question 6

primary pollutants

Answer 6

oxides of sulfur or nitrogen

pyrite and oxygen create iron oxide and sulfur dioxide

Question 7

acid rain

Answer 7

SO3 + h2o = h2so4
dissolves things made out of carbonates (limestone)
rainwater absorbs co2 to make it slightly acidic
5.5ph = carbonic acid

Question 8

CO

Answer 8

incomplete combustion, binds to hemoglobin better than o2

odorless, tasteless and invisible

Question 9

SOx and NOx

Answer 9

byproduct of energy production: combustion of hydrocarbons containing N and S impurities

Question 10

electrostatic precipitator

Answer 10

walls are grounded positive with negative electrode so particles can stick to walls

• entering gases contain aerosols and particulate matter
• particulate free gases will leave

Question 11

scrubbers

Answer 11

specific to gases that are acidic

pump gas through chamber and dump water with base in it

Question 12

stratospheric ozone

Answer 12

good at blocking UVB and UVC (shortest wavelengths and highest energy)
-oxygen absorbs UVC which breaks double bond and will combine with o2 to form o3
-o3 will become consumed and regenerated
UVA is only one that can get through

Question 13

two important CFC’s

Answer 13

freon 11 or CFC 11 (trichlorofluromethane)

freon 12 or CFC 12 (dichlorofluromethane)

Question 14

uses of CFC

Answer 14

refrigerant 
aerosol for spray cans
gas to expand plastic faom
solvent for oil and grease
sterilizer for surgical instruments

Question 15

halons

Answer 15

contain bromine and fluorine to replace some Cl

Question 16

n2 and o2

warming

Answer 16

they are symmetrical with double bonds

dont have a dipole moment

Question 17

how infrared is absorbed

Answer 17

need a net dipole change
caused by vibrations
absorb radiation and release heat

Question 18

global warming potential

Answer 18

how much radiatio  will be absorbed over all wavelengths 
co2 = 1 
ch4 = 23
n2o = 296
GWP x abundance = net effect

Question 19

why dont people believe in climate change

Answer 19

high concentrations between global temps and co2 ppm
natural co2 changes
causes for why climate changing is reason