Lecture 4 - Tuberculosis & Leprosy

Question 1

In what species is M. Tuberculosis found?

Answer 1

Only in humans

Question 2

Species for M. Bovis?

Answer 2

Only in cows, rarely in humans

Question 3

M. avium symptoms

Answer 3

TB like symptoms especially in those with AIDs

Question 4

M. leprae causes

Answer 4

Leprosy in humans

Question 5

M. TB is what kind of pathogen

Answer 5

Obligate human pathogen

Question 6

Where does TB live in our body?

Answer 6

In macrophages

Question 7

Is TB generation time fast or slow

Answer 7

Very slow

Question 8

Why does the cell envelope look waxy?

Answer 8

Lots of mycelia acid

Question 9

What si the use of mycolic acid?

Answer 9

Causes high resistance for TB and is impermeable to stains and dyes

Question 10

What test can we use to determine the presence of mycolic acid?

Answer 10

G+ acid fast stain

Question 11

For acid fast stain, what colour is positive?

Answer 11

Red, blue is negative

Question 12

How many stages of TB are there?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

TB Stage 1

Answer 13

Inhaled into the lungs

Question 14

TB Stage 2

Answer 14

Happens 1-3 weeks after exposore. Phagocytosis is occurring in lungs and release more TB

Question 15

TB Stage 3

Answer 15

Granulomas begin to form from macrophages. Lysosome fusing is inhibited and activated macrophages try to kill off TB. T cells try to start activating granuloma but it’s usually too big

Question 16

How do we test for TB?

Answer 16

Using a tuberculin test (protein purified derivative)

Question 17

What is a positive TB test?

Answer 17

Red swollen spot 48 hours after injection

Question 18

What is a definitive TB positive test?

Answer 18

When a patient goes from being neg - poz

Question 19

What does a negative TB test mean?

Answer 19

• not infected
• highly immunocompromised
• very recently infected

Question 20

What does a positive TB test mean?

Answer 20

• latent or active form of TB

- BCG vaccine was used previously

Question 21

Is TB treatment fast or slow?

Answer 21

VERY SLOW

Question 22

What drugs are used to treat TB?

Answer 22

Rifampicin and isoniazid

Question 23

What is the BCG Vaccine

Answer 23

It’s a living vacuuming from M. bovid, variable effectiveness and causes TB test to be positive

Question 24

What effect does having HIV have on contraction of TB

Answer 24

x30 more likely, leading killer of HIV patients

Question 25

Is leprosy fast or slow?

Answer 25

EXTREMELY SLOW

Question 26

What physical changes occur when leprosy is contracted/

Answer 26

Damage to skin, nerves, limbs and eyes

Question 27

How can leprosy be dianosied

Answer 27

Using our G+ ACID FAST STAIN!

Question 28

Which is more infective, TB or leprosy?

Answer 28

TB

Question 29

What is Tuberculoid Leprosy

Answer 29

Cell mediated immunity response where the macrophages consume the bacteria

Question 30

What is Lepromatous Leprosy

Answer 30

No cell mediated immune responses and macrophages remain inactive. Disease survives and multiples

Question 31

How is leprosy treated?

Answer 31

With long term use of antibiotics