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BMSC 220 > Lecture #5 > Flashcards

Lecture #5 Flashcards

1
Q

Phospholipid diffusion is restricted within the ______

A

bilayer

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2
Q

_______ _______: Phospholipids are confined for very brief periods to certain areas.

A

Brownian movement

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3
Q

Fences restricting motion are constructed of rows of ______ membrane proteins

A

integral

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4
Q

? : Experimental demonstration that diffusion of phospholipids within the plasma membrane is confined

A

Single particle tracing

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5
Q

The epithelial cells that line the intestines and kidneys have highly _______ cells

A

polarized

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6
Q

______ plasma membrane absorbs substances from the lumen.
______ - cell contact
______ - substratum contact, ion gradients

A

Apical, Lateral, Basal

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7
Q

A sperm is covered by a _______ plasma membrane.

A

continuous

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8
Q

____ may have the most highly differentiated structure.

A

Sperm

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9
Q

The major component of the internal membrane skeleton is ______

A

spectrin

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10
Q

Spectrin molecules are attached to the membrane surface to ______

A

ankyrin

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11
Q

Spectrin is linked to other _________ proteins as well.

A

cytoplasmic

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12
Q

_______ blot technique to detect proteins

A

Western

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13
Q

What molecular biology technique is described:

Sample preparation with SDS, separation on a gel by size using PAGE. Transfer to a membrane. Immunostaining and Visualization

A

Western Blot

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14
Q

____ ____ is the difference between influx and efflux of materials

A

Net flux

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15
Q

Molecular ____ and lipid-_____ determine membrane permeability of molecules

A

size, solubility

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16
Q

Four different processes are known by which substances move across membranes: ?

A
  1. Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
  2. Simple diffusion through a protein-lined channel.
  3. Diffusion by a protein transporter.
  4. Active transport
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17
Q

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called ______

A

osmosis

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18
Q

The compartment of higher solute concentration is said to be _______ relative to the compartment of lower solute concentration (described as being ______)

A

hypertonic, hypotonic

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19
Q

Cells swell in ______ solution, shrink in ________ solutions, and remain unchanged in ________ solutions

A

hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

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20
Q

In hypertonic solutions the plant cell undergoes ________

A

plasmolysis

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21
Q

_________: is shrinkage of the protoplasm, the material comprising the living part of the cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell

A

Plasmolysis

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22
Q

The three major categories of gated channels are: ?

A
  1. Voltage‐gated channels
  2. Ligand‐gated channels
  3. Mechano‐gated channels
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23
Q

_____-_____ channels: Conformational state depends on the difference in ionic charge on the two sides of the membrane.

A

Voltage‐gated

24
Q

_______-_______ channels: Conformational state depends on the binding of a specific molecule (ligand).

A

Ligand‐gated

25
Q

________-______ channels: Conformational state depends on mechanical forces that are applied to the membrane

A

Mechano‐gated

26
Q

_____ ______ allows for electrochemical study of single channel proteins

A

Patch clamping

27
Q

____________ transporters can mediate the movement of solutes in both directions. Transport involves a series of conformational changes- the rate of transport is much slower than channels

A

Facilitated

28
Q

______ plays a key role in maintaining proper blood sugar levels. An increase in blood glucose levels triggers its secretion, which stimulates the uptake of ______. Rising levels stimulate the movement of transporters to the cell ______.

A

Insulin, glucose, surface

29
Q

Three Classes of ATP-Driven Pumps: ?

A

P-type pump
ABC transporter
V-type proton pump

30
Q

The Na+/K+ ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) pumps K+ in and Na+ out, and is inhibited by ______

A

ouabain

31
Q

The ratio of Na+:K+ pumped out by Na+/K+ ATPase is ?

A

3:2

32
Q

The ATPase is a __-_____ pump, in which phosphorylation causes changes in conformation and ion affinity that allow transport against gradients

A

P-type

33
Q

___ conformation: Ion binding sites are accessible to the inside of the cell.
___ conformation: Ion binding sites are accessible to the outside of the cell.

A

E1, E2

34
Q

The sodium–potassium pump is found only in ______ cells, with 10 membrane spanning helices

A

animal,

35
Q

The best studied __-____ pump is the Ca2+-ATPase, present in the ER to actively transport Ca2+ out of the cytosol into the lumen of this organelle.

A

P-type

36
Q

__-____ pumps actively transport H+ across the walls of cytoplasmic organelles (vacuolar….lysosomes in animal cells)

A

V-type

37
Q

A __-_____ pump in the plasma membranes of kidney tubules helps maintain the body’s acid–base balance by secreting protons into the forming urine

A

V-type

38
Q

The stomach contains the __-____ pump and the ?, which secretes a solution of concentrated acid.

A

P-type, H/K-ATPase

39
Q

Diffusion of ______ ions down a concentration gradient drives the cotransport of glucose.

A

sodium

40
Q

_____ are specialized cells for information transmission using changes in membrane potentials

A

Neurons

41
Q

_______: receive incoming information
____ _____: contains the nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
_____ is a long extension for conducting outgoing impulses.

A

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon

42
Q

The _______ ______ is the membrane potential of a nerve or muscle cell, subject to changes when activated

A

resting potential

43
Q

____ gradients maintained by the Na+/K+-ATPase are responsible for the resting potential

A

K+

44
Q

When cells are stimulated, Na+ channels open, causing membrane _______.

When cells are stimulated, voltage-gated Na+ channels open, triggering the ______ _____.

A

depolarization, action potential

45
Q

________ membranes exhibit all-or-none behavior

A

Excitable

46
Q

APs produce _____ membrane currents depolarizing adjacent membrane regions. Once triggered, a succession of action potentials passes down the entire length of the neuron without any loss of _______.

A

local, intensity

47
Q

Propagation of an impulse results from the local flow of ions ___________

A

unidirectionally

48
Q

Speed of neural impulse depends on axon diameter and whether axon is ________

A

myelinated

49
Q

Nearly all of the Na ion channels of a myelinated neuron reside in the unwrapped gaps, or ?

A

nodes of Ranvier.

50
Q

The nodes of Ranvier are the only sites where _____ ______ can be generated, jumping from node to node

A

action potentials

51
Q

Presynaptic neurons communicate with postsynaptic neurons at a specialized junction, called the ______, across the synaptic cleft

A

synapse

52
Q

Chemicals (__________) released from the presynaptic cleft diffuse to receptors on the postsynaptic cell.

A

neurotransmitters

53
Q

Depolarization of pre-synaptic cell causes Ca2+ channels in membrane to open, Ca2+ stimulates ?

A

fusion of vesicles with membrane

54
Q

Neurotransmitter binding to ion channel receptors can either stimulate or inhibit ______ ______

A

action potential

55
Q

Acetylcholine _______ heart contractility but _________ contractility of skeletal muscle.

A

inhibits, stimulates

56
Q

___________ serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A

Glutamate

BMSC 220 (22 decks)

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