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Microbio Test I > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

symbiosis

A

close and prolonged association between 2 or more organisms of different species

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2
Q

commensalism

A

microorganism beneftis; host neither benefits nor is harmed

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3
Q

mutualism

A

microorganism and host both benefit

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4
Q

parasitism

A

microorganism benefits and the host is harmed

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5
Q

niche

A

shelter (physical space) and food

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6
Q

how can normal microbiota be beneficial to the host?

A
  1. compete with pathogenic microorganisms for niches

2. produce toxins that harm pathogenic microorganisms

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7
Q

bacteriosins

A

toxins produced by normal flora that can kill pathogenic bacteria

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8
Q

staph. epidermis
staph. aureus
diphtheroids
streptococci
pseudomonas
aeruginosa anaerobes
candida
torulopsis
pityrosporum

A

Bacteria found naturally on:

  1. skin
  2. feet
  3. groin and perineum
  4. scalp
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9
Q

staph. epidermis
diphtheroids
steptococci
gram-negative rods

A

bacteria naturally found on

1. urethra and vagina

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10
Q

pneumocystis jiroveci

A

bacteria naturally found in lungs

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11
Q

strep. viridans
strep. pyogenes
strep. pneumoniae
neisseria spp.
staph. epidermis
haemophilus influenzae

A

bacteria naturally found in throat

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12
Q 
streptococcus mutanns
bacteroides
fusobacterium
steptococci
actinomyces
A

bacteria found naturally in teeth

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13
Q

staph. aureus
staph. epidermidis
diptheroids
steptococci

A

bacteria found normally on nose

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14
Q

strep. mitis and other strep.
trichomonas tneaz
candida

A

bacteria found normally in mouth

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15
Q

bacteria of esophagus and stomach

A

lactobaccili

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16
Q

bacteria of small intestine and bowel

A

lactobaccilli
streptococci
enterobacteria
bacteroides spp.

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17
Q 
bacterioides spp.
fusobacterium spp.
strep. faecalis
e. coli
lactobacillus
staph. aureus
clostridium spp.
enterobacteria
klebsiella spp.
eubacteria
bifidobacteria
streptococci
salmonella
A

bacteria native to large bowel

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18
Q 
bacteriodes spp.
bifidobacteria
eubacteria
coliforms
strep. faecalis
A

bacteria of fecal matter

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19
Q

what parts of the human body are normally considered sterile???

A
  1. internal organs and tissue
  2. cervix
  3. middle ear
  4. urinary bladder
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20
Q

resident

A

long-term members of the body’s normal microbiota

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21
Q

transient

A

organsims that attempt to colonize but are unable to remain due to

  1. competition
  2. elimination by immune system
  3. physical or chemical changes within the body that discourage growth
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22
Q

where might you find staph. epidermis?

A

skin
nose
ears
- its a resident

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23
Q

staph. epidermis is gram..

A

gram + cocci seen in clusters

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24
Q

what infections are common with staph. epidermis

A
  • infections associated with prosthetic devices and IV catheters
  • common contaminant of blood cultures
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25
Q

causative agent of strep throat

A

group a strep (GAS) strep. pyogenes

  • transiently colonizes oropharynx of children and young adults in absence of clinical disease
26
Q

describe strep. pyogenes

A

gram + cocci in chains

27
Q

strict pathogens

A

organisms always associated with disease

28
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

take advantage of preexisting conditions such as immunosuppression to grow and cause disease

29
Q

most human infections strict or opportunistic pathogens?

A

opportunistic

30
Q

contamination of IV catheters

A

staph. epidermidis

staph. aureus (MRSA)

31
Q

wound/surgical site infections

A

staph. aureus
klebsiella pneumoniae
pseudomonas aeruginosa

32
Q

bacterial endocarditis

A

strep. viridians

33
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

polymicrobial disease

34
Q

UTI

A

e. coli

35
Q

pseudomembrane colitis

A

clostridum difficile

- antibiotic therapy disrupts microbiota of colon-> C. difficle spores survive and overgrow-> disease

36
Q

otitis media

A

strep. pneumoniae
nontypeable haemophilus influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis

37
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability of microorganism to cause disease

38
Q

virulence

A

measure of pathogenicity

39
Q

virulence factors

A

factors produced by organisms that enable it to infect, cause disease, and or kill host

40
Q

carrier

A

asymptomatic host to pathogen with ability to transmit pathogen to others
- can be transient or permanent

41
Q

adhesion

A

binding of bacterial adhesin to the host cell surface

42
Q

trophism example

A

GI tract pathogens taken in with food don’t pathogenize mouth because there isn’t a receptor there

43
Q

are most bacteria living planktonically or sessile?

A

sessile (stationary in biofilm)

44
Q

what are 4 ways sessile bacteria are different than planktonic?

A
  1. slowed altered metabolism
  2. increased resistance to anitbiotics
  3. increased genetic exchange -> increased antibiotic resistance transfer
  4. resistant to disinfection b/c decreased diffusion and increased organic matter
45
Q

endotoxin v. exotoxin

A

endotoxin: lipid A portion of LPS
exotoxin: bacterial products that directly harm tissue or lead to destructive biologic activities

46
Q

AB receptor binding proteins

A
  • exotoxins

- A active subunit and B binding subunit initiate toxic reaction

47
Q

diptheria toxin

A

A1B1 binding exotoxin –> inhibition of protein synthesis

48
Q

cholera toxin

A

A2B5 binding exotoxin -> hyperactivation of adenylate cyclase, loss of cell nutrients -> diarrhea

49
Q

c. tetani toxin

A

exotoxin that blocks an inhibitory transmitter –> continuous stimulation of nerve cells

50
Q

c. botulinum toxin

A

exotoxin that blocks release of Ach -> no stimulation of nerve

51
Q

superantigens

A

bind both tcell receptor and MHCII without antigen –> lg. activation of T-cells-> toxic shock b/c too much cytokines

52
Q

3 examples of superantigens

A

s. aureus TSST
staph. enterotoxin
s. pyogenes erythogenic toxins

53
Q

encapsulation

A
  • method of escaping host defense

- masks antigens on bacterial surface -> prevent binding of antibody or complement

54
Q

antigenic mimicry

A
  • method of escaping host defense

- bacteria can produce compound the host sees as self

55
Q

antigenic mimicry examples

A

s. pyogenes capsule = hyaluronic acid

s. aureus prtn A- binds Fc portion of antibody to take on a host prtn coat

56
Q

antigenic variation/shift

A

bacteia quickly change antigenic makeup of proteins on their cell surface

57
Q

example of antigenic variation

A

neisseria gonorrhoease type IV pilli with many different silent copies of the pilli gene

58
Q

inactivation antibody

A

secretion of proteases tha degrade spefiic antibody isotopes

59
Q

resistance to complement mediated kililng

A

limited access to the membrane or degradation of component of the complement

60
Q

do bacteria consitiutively express virulence factors

A

no

it is a waste of energy and can get them caught, they sense the environment and wait

61
Q

quorum sensing

A

bacteria sense the size of their population via autoinducers

Microbio Test I (7 decks)

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