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Microbio Test I > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what does obligate parasite mean

A
  • do not carry out metabolism

- lack organelles and ribosomes

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2
Q

layers of virus out to in

A
  • viral attachment proteins
  • envelope
  • matrix/tegument
  • capsid
  • genome
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3
Q

correct orientation to genome to generate templates

A

+ss RNA

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4
Q

opposite orientation and must be changed first

A
  • ss RNA
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5
Q

ss DNA virus family

A

parvoviridae

poor parvovirus is single and all alone

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6
Q

ds DNA virus family

A

herpesviridae, hepadnaviridae, adenoviridae, papovaviridae, poxviridae

ds DNA viruses are HHAPPy

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7
Q

ds RNA virus family

A

reoviridae

ds RNA is “reo” sad to be alone

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8
Q
  • ss RNA virus family
A

paramyxoviridae rhabdoviridae bunyaviridae filoviridae orthomyxoviridae arenaviridae

a negative single Ron story: paralyzed rabid bunnies fill our arena

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9
Q

+ ss RNA virus family

A

retroviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae, coronaviridae, hepeviridae, caliciviridae, picornaviridae

a positive single Ron story: I went to a retro toga party where I drank flavored corona and ate hippy california pickles

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10
Q

can cells replicate RNA?

A

NO

RNA viruses must encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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11
Q

different types of capsid structure

A
  • helical
  • icosahedral
  • complex
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12
Q

naked capsid viruses (no envelope) are stable to…

A
  • temp
  • acid
  • proteases
  • detergents
  • drying
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13
Q

naked capsid viruses are released from the cell by

A

lysis

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14
Q

clinical consequences for naked capsid viruses

A
  • spread easily
  • dry out and remain infective
  • survive the gut
  • resistant to detergents and poor sewage treatment
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15
Q

envelop viruses are DISRUPTED by …

A
  • acid
  • detergent
  • drying
  • heat
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16
Q

clinical consequences for envelope viruses…

A
  • must stay wet
  • cannot survive GI
  • spreads in larget droplets, secretion, organ, blood
  • does not need to kill the cell to spread
17
Q

envelope viruses are released from the cell by…

A

budding or lysis

18
Q

what do ssDNA viruses need to replicate

A

cellular DNA repair enzymes –> dsDNA and then Cellular RNA pol

19
Q

what do dsDNA viruses need to replicate

A

cellular RNA pol

20
Q

what do -ssRNA viruses need to replicate

A

viral RdRp

21
Q

what do dsRNA viruses need to replicate

A

viral RdRp

22
Q

what do +ssRNA viruses need to replicate?

A

NOTHING

23
Q

what do retrovirus (a +ssRNA) need to replicate?

A

viral reverse transcriptase –> dsRNA then cellular RNA pol

24
Q

what is the biggest challenge to viral DNA genome replication

A

cellular DNA replication machinery is not avialable at all times

  1. make machinery available by stimulating growth (papovirus)
  2. encode viral prtns to synthesize genome (poxvirus)
25
Q

what is the biggest challenge to viral RNA genome replication?

A

no cellular RNAdependentRNApolymerase RdRp

  1. +ssRNA–> encode a RdRp in your genome
  2. -ssRNA –> encode a RdRp in your genome AND carry the enzyme in your virion
26
Q

Pathway to viral assembly and egress

A
  1. individual viral prtn form into capsid subunits
  2. subunits combine to form complete capsid
  3. viral genome and other essential virion components are selctively packaged into capsids
    (4) envelope is acquired
  4. virus exit cell
    (6) virions mature
27
Q

chronic v. latent viral infections

A

chronic: incomplete rsponse reduces but doesnt stop viral replication
latent: virus replication stopped but virus is still ‘alive’ and can come back

28
Q

one plaque = ___ virus

A

1 virus

29
Q

antibodies

A

ELISA

Western blot

30
Q

genomes

A

DNA- PCR

RNA- RT PCR

31
Q

viral antigens

A

ELISA

32
Q

Infectious virions

A

Plaque assay

33
Q

virus culture/ plaque assay
detects:
+:
-:

A

d: infectious virus
+: positivity shows active viral infection
-: restricted to viruses that replicate in tissue culture and produce cytopathic effect

34
Q

electron microscopyy

d, +, -

A

d: virion particles
+: especially helpful in the identification of emerging viruses
-: relatively expensive and hard to do

35
Q

antigen detection ELISA

d, +, -

A

d: viral prtns, and glycoprtns
+ sensitive and quick
- requires specific antibody

36
Q

PCR d + -

A

d DNA genomes
+ highly sensitive
- DNA sequence information must be available

37
Q

RT PCR d + -

A

d RNA genomes
+ highly sensitive
- RNA sequence info must be available

38
Q

serology Western blot d + -

A

d anti-viral antibodies
+ sensitive and quick
- time must be allowed for initiation of immune response must differentiate past and present infections

Microbio Test I (7 decks)

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