Lecture 9 History of Evolution

Question 1

What is the naming system called when catagoring everything?

Answer 1

Binomial nomenclature

Question 2

Isoclines

Answer 2

there is a lot of consistent differences in elevation across mountains that affect the vegetation grow.

Question 3

The idea of Catastrophism and reasoning to why animals are not everywhere all at once.

Answer 3

Is the idea where events happened suddenly had move around and don’t become extinct. Catastrophism is the idea where Earth and life on it are shaped by sudden events

Question 4

Gradualism and its answer to why all species are not everywhere on earth

Answer 4

Is the idea is that Earth and life are primary shaped by slow and long processes. Such as the idea with geology where the canyon had rock sediment building up for billions of years and eroded in millions of years had given evidence that the earth is much older.

Question 5

Evidence of Catastrophism

Answer 5

The volcano that blew up on a island from the markings on the rock there was a layer of ash. That signified the even occurring. Also, we see markers of floods and volcanoes

Question 6

Evidence for gradualism

Answer 6

Transition fossils: Where there was observation that the features of these fossils had changed gradually as they dug up more of them. Animal fossils where they had some body parts that became vestigial and so it atrophied into the shape into the organism we recognize today.

Question 7

Lamarck’s proposition of mechanism for evolution

Answer 7

1. Principle of used and unused
   Used = Exaggerated
   Unused = Vestigal
2. Inherence of acquired traits (like getting traits that have been gained through acclimation which is wrong)

Question 8

Darwin’s observation 1-3

Answer 8

1. If all offspring survive to reproduce, then populations should increase exponentially
2. Most populations do Not increase exponentially
3. Many Offsprings do NOT survive to reproduce due to predation, disease, and limited resources

Question 9

Darwin’s Observation 4-5

Answer 9

4. The Indvidual members of a species always differ phenotypically.
5. Offspring tend to resemble their parents: Some resemblance is inherited. Some resemblance is due to shared environment from 0-1.

Question 10

Darwin’s observation 6

Answer 10

New varieties with desirable qualities can be created by artificial selection(Breeding

Question 11

Darwin’s inference 1-3

Answer 11

1. All organisms are struggling to survive
2. Predictable differences in traits between these that survive + do those who do no not survive. (those who survive are able to breed)
3. Over time traits may enhance survival in nature will increase in frequency relative to other traits.

Question 12

Origin of Species

Answer 12

-species change through time
- species share a common ancestor and have diverged gradually through time.
“Descent with modification”
Differences in traits allow some individuals in the species to survive causing a change in characteristics of populations over time.