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BISC 120 > Lectures 27/28 - Plants > Flashcards

Lectures 27/28 - Plants Flashcards

1
Q

_____ and plants share a common ancestor

A

charophytes

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2
Q

What are 5 characteristics that separate plants from charophytes?

A
  1. alternation of generations
  2. multicellular, dependent embryos
  3. Walled spores in sporangia
  4. multicellular gametangia
  5. apical meristems (grows up)
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3
Q

Why are plants called embrophytes?

A

-dependent embryos housed within parent gamenophyte

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4
Q

What makes spores so special?

A

they have sporinpollenin

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of vascular tissue?

A
  1. xylem

2. phloem

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6
Q

What is xylem made of?

A

-traechied cells

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7
Q

What is sporinpollenin?

A

prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

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8
Q

What are lignin?

A
  • strengthen water conducting cells like xylem

- provide structural support

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9
Q

What do xylem transport?

A

water + minerals

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10
Q

What do Phloem transport?

A

sugars, amino acids, organic material

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of leaves?

A
  1. microphylls

2. megaphylls

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12
Q

What are microphylls?

A

leaves with a single vein

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13
Q

What are megaphylls?

A

leaves with a highly branched vascular system

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14
Q

Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

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15
Q

What are 2 other features in vascular plants not found in other plants

A
  1. leaves

2. roots

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16
Q

Gametophytes produce _____ gametes by _____

A

haploid, mitosis

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17
Q

are sporophytes diploid or haploid?

A

diploid

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18
Q

Sporophytes produce ____ _____ by ______

A

haploid, spores, meiosis

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19
Q

What are heterosporous plants?

A
  • produce megaspores that become female gametophytes

- microspores that become male gametophytes

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20
Q

What are homosporous plants?

A

produce bisexual gametopytes

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21
Q

What are the 3 phyla of seedless nonvascular plants?

A
  1. hepatophyta (Liverworts)
  2. anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
  3. brophyta (mosses)
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22
Q

What is the ecological importance of Peat moss?

A

can be used as source of fuel

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23
Q

How are seedless vascular plants grouped?

A

part of a grade

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24
Q

What is a grade?

A

based off similar characteristics rather than common ancestor

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25
Q

What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants?

A
  1. Lycophytes (club mosses)

2. Monilophytes (ferns)

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26
Q

What is the ecological importance of seedless vascular plants?

A
  • caused global cooling during carboniferous

- formed coal deposits

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27
Q

What is an integument?

A
  • 2n

- protective layer for the seed

28
Q

How many integuments in gymnosperms? angiosperms?

A

2,3

29
Q

What is a megaspore?

A
  • 1n

- larger (female?) spore

30
Q

What is a seed?

A

embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

31
Q

What is a gymnosperm?

A

naked seed plants (including conifers)

32
Q

What is an angiosperm/

A

flowering plants

33
Q

What is the seed coat?

A

allows for seeds to survive better than unprotected spores

34
Q

What is the food supply?

A

develops from the megasporangium

35
Q

What is the megasporangium

A
  • 2n

- food for developing embryo

36
Q

What is the embryo?

A

developing sporophyte

37
Q

In seed plants, where are gametophytes housed?

A

reduced gametophytes housed in sporophytes

38
Q

What are pollen grains?

A

allow for fertilization without water (pollination)

39
Q

What is heterospory?

A

allows for different male and female parts

40
Q

(Gymnosperms) miniaturization of their ______

A

gametophytes

41
Q

(Gymnosperms) development of ___ from fertilized _____

A

seeds, ovules

42
Q

(Gymnosperms) transfer of sperm to ovules by _____

A

pollen

43
Q

(Gymnosperms) Cone we recognize in a pine tree produces ____

A

megaspores

44
Q

(Gymnosperms) smaller cone produces _____

A

microspores

45
Q

What are 3 Phyla of gymnosperms?

A
  1. Cycadophyta (look like palm tree, flagellated sperm)
  2. Gnetphyta
  3. Coniferophyta (evergreens, photosynthesis all year)
46
Q

What is the phyla of angiosperms?

A

anthrophyta

47
Q

What are the main evolution differences between gymnosperms and anthrophyta?

A
  • flowers

- fruits

48
Q

What are the 2 groups within angiosperms?

A
  1. monocots

2. eudicots

49
Q

(Monocots) Cotyledon

A

1

50
Q

(Monocots) leaf venation

A

parallel

51
Q

(Monocots) vascular distribution

A

scattered

52
Q

(Monocots) roots

A

fibrous

53
Q

(Monocots) pollen grain

A

1 opening

54
Q

(Monocots) flowers in multiples of

A

three

55
Q

(Eudicots) cotyledon

A

2

56
Q

(Eudicots) leaf venation

A

netlike

57
Q

(Eudicots) vascular distribution

A

in a ring

58
Q

(Eudicots) roots

A

has tap (main root)

59
Q

(Eudicots) pollen grain

A

3 opneings

60
Q

(Eudicots) flowers

A

in multiples of four or five

61
Q

What is special about angiosperm reproduction?

A
  • double fertilization, 2 sperms fertilize same gametophyte

- makes the endosperm

62
Q

What is the carpel?

A
  • produces ovules
  • contains ovary
  • style
  • stigma
63
Q

What is the style?

A

tube

64
Q

What is the stigma?

A

where pollen is received

65
Q

What ist he stamen?

A
  • contains stalk (fillament)

- anther (where pollen is produced)

66
Q

What is the sepal?

A

encloses flower

67
Q

What is the petal

A

attract pollenators

BISC 120 (33 decks)

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