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Lecturio QBank > Lecturio QBank - Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecturio QBank - Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the inferior midline surface landmark of the abdomen?
    Iliac spine
    Rectus abdominis
    Inguinal ligaments
    Xiphoid process
    Pubic symphysis
A

Pubic symphisis

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2
Q
  1. Which line separates the abdomen into right and left halves?
    Linea aspera
    Linea semilunaris
    Iliopectineal line
    Linea alba
    Arcuate line
A

Linea alba

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3
Q
  1. The costal cartilages of which ribs form the superior boundary of the abdomen?
    6, 7, and 8
    8, 9, and 10
    9, 10, 11, and 12
    7, 8, 9, and 10
    7, 8, and 9
A

7, 8, 9, and 10

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4
Q
  1. Which costal cartilage does the subcostal plane pass through?
    12
    11
    9
    8
    10
A

10

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5
Q
  1. A patient presents to the emergency department with severe pain on the right side of the abdomen and complains of nausea and vomiting. Which abdominal region is most likely affected?
    Left inguinal
    Pubic
    Right inguinal
    Right hypochondriac
    Epigastric
A

Right inguinal

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6
Q
  1. What is the abdominal region where most of the liver is located?
    Left inguinal
    Right inguinal
    Right hypochondrium
    Pubic
    Left hypochondrium
A

Right hypochondrium

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7
Q
  1. What is the boundary between the right hypochondrium and the epigastrium?
    Transtubercular line
    Left midclavicular line
    Right midclavicular line
    Subcostal line
    Midaxillary line
A

Right midclavicular line

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8
Q
  1. McBurney point is a surface landmark for which structure?
    Spleen
    Pancreas
    Right kidney
    Appendix
    Liver
A

Appendix

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following surface landmarks is used to divide the abdomen into distinct regions?
    Femur
    Umbilicus
    Clavicle
    Liver
    Appendix
A

Umbilicus

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10
Q
  1. Which dermatome is associated with the small intestine?
    T11
    L1
    T12
    T10
    T9
A

T10

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11
Q
  1. From superficial to deep, what is the correct order of the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
    Skin, subcutaneous tissue, transversus abdominis muscle, oblique muscles, transversalis fascia, peritoneum
    Skin, subcutaneous tissue, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominis muscle, oblique muscles, peritoneum
    Skin, subcutaneous tissue, transversalis fascia, oblique muscles, transversus abdominis muscle. peritoneum
    Skin, subcutaneous tissue, oblique muscles, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, peritoneum
    Skin, transversalis fascia, subcutaneous tissue, transversus abdominis muscle, oblique muscles, peritoneum
A

Skin, subcutaneous tissue, oblique muscles, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, peritoneum

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12
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the external oblique muscle is correct?
    It originates from the inner surfaces of ribs 10-12.
    It originates from the outer surface of ribs 5–12.
    It helps with digestion.
    The fibers run superiorly and posteriorly.
    It has no relationship to intra-abdominal pressure.
A

It originates from the outer surface of ribs 5–12.

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13
Q
  1. Which spinal cord segments innervate the external oblique muscle?
    T6–T7
    T7–T8
    T8–T10
    T2–T6
    T7–T12
A

T7–T12

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14
Q
  1. From which structure(s) does the rectus abdominis muscle originate?
    Ilium
    Xiphisternum and the lowest portion of the body of the sternum
    The shaft of ribs 5–7
    Pubic crest
    The costal cartilage of ribs 5–7
A

Pubic crest

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15
Q
  1. Where does the internal oblique muscle originate?
    Pubic symphysis
    Linea alba
    Inguinal canal
    The outer surface of ribs 5–12
    Anterior iliac crest
A

Anterior iliac crest

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16
Q
  1. Which statement best describes the internal oblique muscle?
    It inserts onto the costal cartilage of ribs 5–7.
    It extends and rotates the trunk.
    It does not originate from the inguinal ligament.
    It relaxes the internal viscera by decreasing intra-abdominal pressure.
    It flexes and rotates the trunk.
A

It flexes and rotates the trunk.

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17
Q
  1. What nerves supply the transversus abdominis?
    Celiac nerves
    Superior mesenteric nerves
    Inferior abdominal nerves
    Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves
    Subphrenic nerves
A

Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves

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18
Q
  1. Above the umbilicus, what structures form the posterior layer of the rectus sheath?
    Transversus abdominis aponeurosis and transversalis fascia
    Transversus abdominis and external oblique aponeurosis
    Transversus abdominis and posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
    Transversus abdominis aponeurosis and anterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
A

Transversus abdominis and posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q
  1. What is the most posterior structure above the umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall?
    Femoral artery
    Anterior lamina of internal oblique muscle
    Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
    External oblique muscle
    Rectus abdominis muscle
A

Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following structures above the umbilicus is surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by layers of the internal oblique aponeurosis?
    Rectus abdominis
    Inguinal ligament
    External oblique
    Masticator
    Linea alba
A

Rectus abdominis

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21
Q
  1. What is the correct arrangement of muscles below the umbilicus?
    External oblique, anterior lamina of internal oblique muscle, and rectus abdominis
    External oblique, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique
    External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
    External oblique, posterior lamina of internal oblique muscle, and rectus abdominis
    External oblique, rectus abdominis, and internal oblique
A

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

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22
Q
  1. Which area would a midline incision between the 2 rectus sheaths cut through?
    Iliopectineal line
    Linea alba
    Arcuate line
    Linea aspera
    Semilunar line
A

Linea alba

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23
Q
  1. Which is the name of the line which demarcates the posteroinferior limit of the rectus sheath?
    Linea nigra
    Linea semilunaris
    Arcuate line
    Linea aspera
    Linea alba
A

Arcuate line

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24
Q
  1. During a cesarean section, a transverse suprapubic incision is made below the arcuate line. Which of the following abdominal wall structures will the incision avoid?
    Transversus abdominis muscle
    Rectus abdominis muscle
    Posterior rectus sheath
    Anterior rectus sheath
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue
A

Posterior rectus sheath

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25
Q
  1. What is the name of the inferior margin of the posterior layer of the transversus abdominis aponeurosis which is created at the site where the rectus abdominis becomes posterior to the aponeurosis?
    Arcuate line
    Inferior epigastric ligament
    Transversalis fascia
    Internal inguinal ring
A

Arcuate line

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26
Q
  1. The superior epigastric artery is the continuation of which artery?
    Subclavian
    Inferior epigastric
    Musculophrenic
    Internal thoracic
    Diaphragmatic
A

Internal thoracic

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27
Q
  1. The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?
    Musculophrenic
    Femoral
    Internal thoracic
    Internal iliac
    External iliac
A

External iliac

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28
Q
  1. The musculophrenic artery is a branch of which artery?
    Internal thoracic
    Subclavian
    Inferior epigastric
    Superior epigastric
    Internal iliac
A

Internal thoracic

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29
Q
  1. At which level does the internal thoracic artery divide into 2 branches?
    At the level of the 7th costal cartilage
    At the level of the 4th costal cartilage
    At the level of the 8th costal cartilage
    At the level of the 5th costal cartilage
    At the level of the 6th costal cartilage
A

At the level of the 6th costal cartilage

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30
Q
  1. From which spinal cord segment does the subcostal nerve arise?
    T10
    T11
    T9
    T12
A

T12

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31
Q
  1. Which nerves arise from the L1 spinal cord segment?
    Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves
    Subcostal and ilioinguinal nerves
    Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves
    Thoracoabdominal and iliohypogastric nerves
    Subcostal and iliohypogastric nerves
A

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves

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32
Q
  1. During development, which region do the testes pass through to descend into the scrotum?
    Inguinal
    Epigastric
    Lumbar
    Hypochondriac
    Umbilical
A

Inguinal

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33
Q
  1. Which structure is contained in the inguinal canal in women?
    Broad ligament of the uterus
    Spermatid cord
    Round ligament of the uterus
    Uterosacral ligament
    Suspensory ligament of the ovary
A

Round ligament of the uterus

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34
Q
  1. Which statements describe the inguinal region? Select all that apply.
    The inguinal canal transmits the round ligament of the uterus in women.
    The inguinal ligament forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.
    The inguinal ligament extends from the iliac crest to the ischial tuberosity.
    The inguinal ligament extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.
    The inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in men.
A

The inguinal canal transmits the round ligament of the uterus in women.
The inguinal ligament extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.
The inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in men.

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35
Q
  1. Which structures unite to form the conjoint tendon?
    The external oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses
    The internal oblique aponeurosis and the transversalis fascia
    The transversus abdominis aponeurosis and the transversalis fascia
    The internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses
A

The internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses

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36
Q
  1. What is the structure whose free edge forms the inguinal ligament?
    Internal oblique
    Transversalis fascia
    Transversus abdominis
    External oblique
A

External oblique

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37
Q
  1. Which structure forms the inferior wall (floor) of the inguinal canal?
    Transversus abdominis
    Inguinal ligament
    Internal oblique aponeurosis
    External oblique aponeurosis
A

Inguinal ligament

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38
Q
  1. Which structure does NOT belong to the spermatic cord?
    Testicular artery
    Cremasteric artery
    Obturator nerve
    Ductus deferens
    Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
A

Obturator nerve

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39
Q
  1. What is the correct position of the deep inguinal ring in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels?
    It lies posterior to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    It lies medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    It lies inferior to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    It lies lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    It lies superior to the inferior epigastric vessels.
A

It lies lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.

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40
Q
  1. Which structure contains the slit-like opening called the superficial inguinal ring?
    Internal oblique muscle
    External oblique aponeurosis
    Transversus abdominis muscle
    Transversalis fascia
    Linea alba
A

External oblique aponeurosis

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41
Q
  1. Which structure strengthens the posterior aspect of the superficial inguinal ring to prevent herniation when the intra-abdominal pressure is raised?
    Internal oblique muscle
    Transversus abdominis muscle
    Rectus sheath
    Conjoint tendon
    External oblique muscle
A

Conjoin tendon

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42
Q
  1. Which boundaries of the inguinal canal are formed by the transversalis fascia?
    Floor and anterior wall
    Anterior and posterior wall
    Roof and posterior wall
    Roof and floor
    Roof and anterior wall
A

Roof and posterior wall

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43
Q
  1. Which structure forms the floor of the inguinal canal at the level of the superficial inguinal ring?
    Transversalis fascia
    Conjoint tendon
    Medial crus of external oblique
    Lacunar ligament
    Inguinal ligament
A

Lacunar ligament

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44
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is not found in the inguinal canal in men?
    Blood vessels
    Iliohypogastric nerve
    Genitofemoral nerve
    Lymphatics
    Spermatic cord
A

Iliohypogastric nerve

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45
Q
  1. What is the primary reason why inguinal hernias are more common in men?
    Men have weaker abdominal muscles.
    Men have larger superficial inguinal rings.
    Men have increased intra-abdominal pressure.
    The inguinal canal is shorter in men.
A

Men have larger superficial inguinal rings.

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46
Q
  1. Which muscle will form the cremaster muscle around the testes?
    External oblique
    Internal oblique
    Transversus abdominis
    Rectus abdominis
    Transversalis fascia
A

Internal oblique

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47
Q
  1. During development, which structure avoids penetration by the testes?
    Transversalis fascia
    Internal oblique muscle
    Transversus abdominis muscle
    External oblique muscle
A

Transversus abdominis muscle

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48
Q
  1. Which structure will form the deepest layer of the spermatic cord?
    Cremaster muscle
    Transversalis fascia
    Rectus abdominis muscle
    External oblique muscle
    Internal oblique muscle
A

Transversalis fascia

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49
Q
  1. Which muscle will form the cremaster muscle around the testes?
    External oblique
    Transversalis fascia
    Internal oblique
    Rectus abdominis
    Transversus abdominis
A

Internal oblique

ECI=EIT

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50
Q
  1. At which position related to the inferior epigastric vessels do indirect inguinal hernias occur?
    Anterior
    Inferior
    Medial
    Superior
    Lateral
A

Lateral

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51
Q
  1. Which statements regarding indirect inguinal hernias are accurate? Select all that apply.
    They are caused by failure of embryonic closure of the processus vaginalis.
    The contents usually go into the upper thigh.
    They occur lateral to inferior epigastric vessels.
    They are less common than direct hernias.
    They are congenital.
A

They are caused by failure of embryonic closure of the processus vaginalis.
They occur lateral to inferior epigastric vessels.
They are congenital.

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52
Q
  1. Which nerve passes through the superficial inguinal ring and can be injured during hernia repair?
    Pudendal nerve
    Obturator nerve
    Ilioinguinal nerve
    Subcostal nerve
    Iliohypogastric nerve
A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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53
Q
  1. A patient presents with pain in his scrotum. Examination findings show that he has an indirect inguinal hernia that is compressing a nerve. Which nerve is responsible for the patient’s pain?
    Iliohypogastric
    Obturator
    Subcostal
    Genitofemoral
    Ilioinguinal
A

Ilioinguinal

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54
Q
  1. Which structures pass through the deep inguinal ring in women?
    Iliohypogastric nerve
    Broad ligament of the uterus
    Round ligament of the uterus
    Ilioinguinal nerve
    Spermatic cord
A

Round ligament of the uterus

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55
Q
  1. What is known about a direct inguinal hernia?
    It occurs at the level of the superficial inguinal ring.
    It is typically found in young men.
    It exits the abdomen lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    It occurs at the level of the deep inguinal ring.
A

It occurs at the level of the superficial inguinal ring.

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56
Q
  1. What is the average length of the esophagus in an adult human?
    35 cm
    15 cm
    10 cm
    25 cm
    5 cm
A

25 cm

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57
Q
  1. What is the correct position of the esophagus in relation to the trachea in the neck?
    It lies inferior to the trachea.
    It lies posterior to the trachea.
    It lies anterior to the trachea.
    It lies lateral to the trachea.
    It lies medial to the trachea.
A

It lies posterior to the trachea.

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58
Q
  1. What is the vertebral level where the esophageal hiatus is located?
    T8
    T10
    T6
    T12
A

T10

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59
Q
  1. Which of the following cardiac structures is located directly anterior to the esophagus?
    Left atrium
    Apex
    Right ventricle
    Right atrium
    Left ventricle
A

Left atrium

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60
Q
  1. What is the vertebral level where the aorta passes through the diaphragm?
    T9
    T8
    T10
    T12
    T11
A

T12

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61
Q
  1. Which artery supplies blood to the esophagus?
    Vertebral
    Aorta
    Subclavian
    Brachiocephalic
    Common carotid
A

Aorta

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62
Q
  1. Which enzyme is released by the chief cells of the stomach?
    Glucagon
    Trypsinogen
    Chymotrypsinogen
    Pepsinogen
    Amylase
A

Pepsinogen

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63
Q
  1. While studying a normal X-ray film, a medical student notices a gas-filled area on the left side of the film. Which structure is it most likely to be?
    Duodenum
    Esophagus
    Heart
    Pylorus
    Fundus of the stomach
A

Fundus of the stomach

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64
Q
  1. Which area of the stomach is attached to the liver via a peritoneal fold?
    Body
    Lesser curvature
    Fundus
    Cardiac orifice
    Greater curvature
A

Lesser curvature

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65
Q
  1. In relation to the stomach, at which position do the kidneys lie?
    Superior
    Medial
    Anterior
    Posterior
    Lateral
A

Posterior

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66
Q
  1. A patient seen in the emergency department complains of severe abdominal rigidity, fullness, and rebound tenderness and is found to have a fever. The patient states a history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use due to arthritis and denies having black stools. Which condition is the patient most likely to have?
    Appendicitis
    Cholecystitis
    Hemorrhage
    Pancreatitis
    Peritonitis
A

Peritonitis

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67
Q
  1. Which organ/structure avoids physical contact with the posterior surface of the stomach?
    Transverse mesocolon
    Liver
    Spleen
    Pancreas
    Kidney
A

Liver

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68
Q
  1. Which region of the stomach is positioned superior to the cardiac orifice?
    Pylorus
    Body
    Antrum
    Fundus
A

Fundus

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69
Q
  1. Which artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?
    Left gastric
    Gastro-omental
    Right gastric
    Left Omental
A

Gastro-omental

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70
Q
  1. A 65-year-old man with diabetes comes to the outpatient department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. He also has gastroparesis. Which nerve is most likely damaged?
    Trigeminal
    Vagus
    Hypoglossal
    Abducent
    Glossopharyngeal
A

Vagus

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71
Q
  1. Which vessel has branches that supply the fundus of the stomach?
    Hepatic artery
    Right gastro-omental artery
    Right gastric artery
    Splenic artery
    Gastroduodenal artery
A

Splenic artery

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72
Q
  1. The thoracic part of the esophagus receives its blood supply from…?
    …the superior mesenteric artery.
    …the superior thyroid artery.
    …the right gastric artery.
    …the thoracic aorta.
A

…the thoracic aorta.

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73
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is retroperitoneal?
    Transverse colon
    Ileum
    Jejunum
    Duodenum
    Appendix
A

Duodenum

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74
Q
  1. Which organ receives secretions from both the liver and the pancreas?
    Jejunum
    Duodenum
    Colon
    Ileum
    Stomach
A

Duodenum

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75
Q
  1. In which quadrant of the abdomen does the jejunum originate?
    Upper right
    Lower right
    Lower left
    Upper left
A

Upper left

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76
Q
  1. Which portion of the intestine follows the duodenum directly?
    Ileum
    Transverse colon
    Jejunum
    Ascending colon
A

Jejunum

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77
Q
  1. Which structure suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall?
    Greater omentum
    Lesser omentum
    Fat
    Mesentery
    Ligament
A

Mesentery

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78
Q
  1. Which structure becomes continuous with the cecum distal to the ileocecal junction?
    Sigmoid colon
    Descending colon
    Ascending colon
    Rectum
A

Ascending colon

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79
Q
  1. Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is separate from the small intestine?
    Cecum
    Ileum
    Jejunum
    Duodenum
A

Cecum

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80
Q
  1. In which segment of the gastrointestinal tract are Brunner’s glands located?
    Colon
    Jejunum
    Stomach
    Ileum
    Duodenum
A

Duodenum

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81
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the small intestine is inaccurate?
    Transverse folds in the small intestine are known as plicae.
    The plicae disappear with distension.
    The small intestine has villi and microvilli.
    The small intestine is 6–7 meters long
    Ninety percent of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.
A

The plicae disappear with distension.

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82
Q
  1. Which statement describes the chyme entering the small intestine?
    It is basic.
    It is acidic.
    It passes through the cardiac sphincter.
    It has not undergone any digestive processes.
    It is not buffered by pancreatic secretions.
A

It is acidic.

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83
Q
  1. In which part of the duodenum is the major duodenal papilla located?
    Superior
    Descending
    Horizontal
    Posterior
    Ascending
A

Descending

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84
Q
  1. The major duodenal papilla is located at the opening of which structure that leads into the duodenum?
    Accessory pancreatic duct
    Hepatic duct
    Cystic artery
    Bile duct
    Cystic duct
A

Bile duct

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85
Q
  1. Which structure sits in the concavity of the duodenum?
    The spleen
    The neck of the pancreas
    The tail of the pancreas
    The gallbladder
    The head of the pancreas
A

The head of the pancreas

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86
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the jejunum and ileum is true?
    The jejunum is greater in diameter.
    The jejunum has higher quantities of fat in its associated mesentery.
    The jejunum has a reduced blood supply.
    The jejunum is paler (less red) in color.
A

The jejunum is greater in diameter.

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87
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the jejunum and ileum is inaccurate?
    The jejunum is thicker than the ileum.
    The jejunum is wider than the ileum.
    The jejunum has fewer circular folds than the ileum.
    The jejunum has fewer lymphoid nodules than the ileum
A

The jejunum has fewer circular folds than the ileum.

88
Q
  1. From which artery do the jejunum and the ileum receive their blood supply?
    Celiac artery
    Aorta
    Inferior mesenteric artery
    Superior mesenteric artery
    Ileocolic artery
A

Superior mesenteric artery

89
Q
  1. At which level does the superior mesenteric artery originate from the aorta?
    T10
    T12
    T8
    L1
    L2
A

L1

90
Q
  1. Through which structure does the small intestine receive parasympathetic innervations?
    Celiac plexus
    Posterior trunk of the vagus
    Superior mesenteric plexus
    Anterior trunk of the vagus
    Inferior mesenteric plexus
A

Posterior trunk of the vagus

91
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the effect of the parasympathetic system on the small intestine?
    Decreases nutrient absorbtion
    Slows down peristaltic movements
    Lessens the activity of the intestinal smooth muscles
    Decreases blood supply
    Increases peristalsis
A

Increases peristalsis

92
Q
  1. Which of the following organs is anchored to the posterior body wall?
    Cecum
    Ileum
    Jejunum
    Transverse colon
    Duodenum
A

Duodenum

93
Q
  1. Which factor is excluded from the core functions of the large intestine?
    Absorption of vitamins
    Nutrient absorption
    Compacting and storing feces
    Water reabsorption
A

Nutrient absorption

94
Q
  1. What is the main site of water reabsorption?
    Duodenum
    Rectum
    Ileum
    Large intestine
    Stomach
A

Large intestine

95
Q
  1. What is the first part of the large intestine?
    Ascending colon
    Transverse colon
    Ileum
    Sigmoid colon
    Cecum
A

Cecum

96
Q
  1. In which abdominal region does the large intestine begin?
    Right lumbar
    Left inguinal
    Left lumbar
    Right inguinal
A

Right inguinal

97
Q
  1. Which 2 parts of the large intestine are suspended by mesentery?
    Transverse and sigmoid
    Transverse and cecum
    Transverse and descending
    Transverse and ascending
A

Transverse and sigmoid

98
Q
  1. Which of the following features is not found in the large intestine?
    Haustrations
    3 bands of teniae coli
    Semilunar folds
    Omental appendices
    Villi
A

Villi

99
Q
  1. Which part of the large intestine is attached to the greater omentum?
    Mesocolic teniae
    Omental taeniae
    Omental appendices
    Free teniae
    Haustra
A

Omental taeniae

100
Q
  1. What is the order in which material passes through the different colonic segments before defecation?
    Sigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending
    Sigmoid, transverse, ascending, and descending
    Descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending
    Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
    Transverse, descending, ascending, and sigmoid
A

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

101
Q
  1. Which feature is absent from the large intestine?
    Teniae coli
    Haustra
    Omental appendices
    Plicae circulares
A

Plicae circulares

102
Q
  1. Which condition is excluded from signs of acute appendicitis?
    Vomiting
    Hematochezia
    Fever
    Anorexia
    Pain shifting from the periumbilicus to the right iliac fossa
A

Hematochezia

103
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the appendix is inaccurate?
    It is a blind-ended pouch.
    It helps in the digestion of food.
    It is located in the right inguinal region.
    It is a part of the lymphatic system.
    Its position is variable.
A

It helps in the digestion of food.

104
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the large intestine is inaccurate?
    Its function is to transmit feces.
    The walls are thin compared with the small intestine.
    Villi and microvilli are absent.
    The walls are thick compared with the small intestine.
    It helps in the absorption of water and vitamins.
A

The walls are thick compared with the small intestine.

105
Q
  1. Which cells are present in the glands of the large intestine?
    Alpha cells
    Chief cells
    Goblet cells
    Parietal cells
    Enterochromaffin-like cells
A

Goblet cells

106
Q
  1. Which structure is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
    Left colic artery
    Middle colic artery
    Right colic artery
    Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
    Ileocolic artery
A

Left colic artery

107
Q
  1. At which vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery originate from the abdominal aorta?
    T10
    L3
    L1
    T12
    L5
A

L3

108
Q
  1. An inferior mesenteric artery is occluded. Which artery can provide an alternative blood supply that can prevent ischemia of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
    Ileocolic
    Middle colic
    Splenic
    Right colic
    Gastroduodenal
A

Middle colic

109
Q
  1. Which structure is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
    Ileocolic artery
    Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
    Left colic artery
    Middle colic artery
    Right colic artery
A

Left colic artery

110
Q
  1. Which structure provides the parasympathetic input to the distal portion of the large intestine?
    Aortic plexus
    Pelvic splanchnic nerves
    Sigmoid plexus
    Vagus nerve
    Celiac plexus
A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

111
Q
  1. Which of the following vessels supplies the large intestine?
    Inferior mesenteric only
    Celiac artery
    Superior mesenteric only
    Portal circulation
    Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries
A

Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteriest

112
Q
  1. Which organ is suspended by the lesser omentum?
    Stomach
    Kidneys
    Pancreas
    Colon
    Spleen
A

Stomach

113
Q
  1. Which structure is excluded from subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity?
    Retroperitoneal cavity
    Supracolic compartment
    Greater sac
    Lesser sac
    Infracolic compartment
A

Retroperitoneal cavity

114
Q
  1. Which of the following organs is intraperitoneal?
    Kidneys
    Duodenum
    Esophagus
    Spleen
    Pancreas
A

Spleen

115
Q
  1. Which organ does the falciform ligament attach to the anterior abdominal wall?
    Spleen
    Stomach
    Liver
    Gallbladder
    Pancreas
A

Liver

116
Q
  1. Which statement describes the mesentery?
    It contains only blood vessels.
    It is derived from remnants of Rathke’s pouch.
    It is derived from visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum.
    It attaches one organ to another.
    It contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
A

It contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

117
Q
  1. Which of the following structure(s) is secondarily retroperitoneal?
    Suprarenal glands
    Ascending and descending colon
    Kidney
    Bladder
    Ureters
A

Ascending and descending colon

118
Q
  1. Which foramen does the greater sac use to communicate with the lesser sac?
    Foramen rotundum
    Epiploic (omental) foramen
    Foramen of Morgagni
    Foramen ovale
    Apical foramen
A

Epiploic (omental) foramen

119
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the mesentery is accurate?
    It does not allow the organ to move freely.
    It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
    It connects one organ to another organ.
    It is devoid of blood vessels.
    It is a single layer of tissue.
A

It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

120
Q
  1. Which organ is present in the supracolic compartment?
    Liver
    Lungs
    Esophagus
    Heart
    Kidneys
A

Liver

121
Q
  1. Which structure separates the supracolic and infracolic compartments?
    Stomach
    Ascending colon
    Descending colon
    Transverse colon
    Diaphragm
A

Transverse colon

122
Q
  1. Which organ forms the lateral boundary of the lesser sac?
    Liver
    Left kidney
    Stomach
    Spleen
    Pancreas
A

Spleen

123
Q
  1. Which structure is in the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?
    Portal vein
    Peritoneum covering the caudate lobe of the liver
    Peritoneum covering the hepatic artery
    Aorta
    Inferior vena cava
A

Portal vein

124
Q
  1. Which ligament within the greater omentum runs between the stomach and the transverse colon?
    Gastrophrenic
    Gastrosplenic
    Gastrocolic
    Gastroduodenal
A

Gastrocolic

125
Q
  1. How many layers do peritoneal ligaments contain?
    4
    2
    6
    1
A

2

126
Q
  1. Which organ is located outside the supracolic compartment of the greater sac?
    Stomach
    Spleen
    Appendix
    Liver
A

Appendix

127
Q
  1. What is the deepest part of the body in the supine position?
    Lesser sac
    Left paracolic gutter
    Right paracolic gutter
    Greater sac
    Hepatorenal recess
A

Hepatorenal recess

128
Q
  1. In relation to the abdominal quadrants, where does bile synthesis occur?
    Right lumbar
    Right hypochondrium
    Left hypochondrium
    Epigastric
    Right inguinal
A

Right hypochondrium

129
Q
  1. Which ribs overlie the right lobe of the liver?
    6, 7, 8, and 9
    10, 11, and 12
    6, 7, 8, 9, and 10
    7, 8, and 9
    7, 8, 9, and 10
A

6, 7, 8, 9, and 10

130
Q
  1. How many functional lobes does the liver have?
    4
    10
    2
    12
    8
A

2

131
Q
  1. Which lobe is excluded from the anatomical lobes of the liver?
    Right
    Quadrate
    Caudate
    Left
    Superior
A

Superior

132
Q
  1. Which blood vessel has a remnant that is found in the free edge of the falciform ligament?
    Hepatic portal vein
    Hepatic vein
    Umbilical vein
    Umbilical artery
A

Umbilical vein

133
Q
  1. Which lobes of the liver are closely related to the gallbladder?
    Caudate and quadrate
    Left and quadrate
    Left and right
    Right and quadrate
A

Right and quadrate

134
Q
  1. Which lobes of the liver is the porta hepatis located between?
    Right lobe and caudate lobe
    Left and right lobes
    Left lobe and quadrate lobe
    Caudate and quadrate lobes
    Left lobe and caudate lobe
A

Caudate and quadrate lobes

135
Q
  1. In which ligament is the portal triad present?
    Falciform ligament
    Hepatoduodenal ligament
    Round ligament
    Coronary ligament
    Hepatogastric ligament
A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

136
Q
  1. Which surface of the liver does the inferior vena cava run through?
    Anterior
    Superior
    Right lateral
    Left lateral
    Posterior
A

Posterior

137
Q
  1. Which structure is responsible for suspending the liver from the diaphragm?
    Inferior vena cava
    Coronary ligament
    Falciform ligament
    Lesser omentum
    Ligamentum teres
A

Coronary ligament

138
Q
  1. On which liver surface is the bare area of the liver present?
    Anterior
    Right lateral
    Posterior
    Left lateral
    Inferior
A

Posterior

139
Q
  1. Which 2 ducts join to form the bile duct?
    Common hepatic duct and right hepatic duct
    Right and left hepatic ducts
    Cystic duct and common hepatic duct
    Cystic duct and right hepatic duct
    Cystic duct and left hepatic duct
A

Cystic duct and common hepatic duct

140
Q
  1. When is bile released into the duodenum?
    During sleep
    After consuming food rich in carbohydrate content
    After consuming food rich in fat content
    After consuming food rich in protein content
    During exercise
A

After consuming food rich in fat content

141
Q
  1. What is the primary role of the gallbladder?
    Dilution and breakdown of bile
    Digestion of fats
    Concentration and storage of bile
    Production of bile
    Removal of bile
A

Concentration and storage of bile

142
Q
  1. Which artery has a direct branch that usually supplies blood to the gallbladder?
    Right hepatic artery
    Left hepatic artery
    Common hepatic artery
    Gastroduodenal artery
A

Right hepatic artery

143
Q
  1. Which artery typically has a branch called the cystic artery?
    Left hepatic artery
    Right hepatic artery
    Common hepatic artery
    Hepatic artery proper
    Gastroduodenal artery
A

Right hepatic artery

144
Q
  1. Which vessel sends the majority of the blood that the liver receives?
    Hepatic portal vein
    Celiac trunk
    Left and right gastric arteries
    Inferior vena cava
    Common hepatic artery
A

Hepatic portal vein

145
Q
  1. Which vessel is separate from the porta hepatis?
    Hepatic artery
    Hepatic portal vein
    Hepatic vein
    Bile/hepatic duct
A

Hepatic vein

146
Q
  1. Which anatomical lobe(s) contribute to the left functional lobe?
    Left, caudate, and quadrate
    Left and caudate
    Left and right
    Left and quadrate
    Left only
A

Left, caudate, and quadrate

147
Q
  1. The round ligament of the liver is the remnant of which of the following structures?
    Umbilical vein
    Pulmonary vein
    Left umbilical artery
    Right umbilical artery
    Ductus arteriosus
A

Umbilical vein

148
Q
  1. Which statement describes the relationship of the uncinate process with the head of the pancreas?
    The uncinate process lies superiomedially.
    The uncinate process lies inferomedially.
    The uncinate process lies inferolaterally.
    The uncinate process lies superiolaterally.
    The uncinate process lies posteriomedially.
A

The uncinate process lies inferomedially.

149
Q
  1. Which surface of the pancreas does the root of the transverse mesocolon run along?
    Anterior
    Inferomedial
    Inferior
    Superior
    Posterior
A

Anterior

150
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the pancreas is inaccurate?
    It is an intraperitoneal organ.
    The exocrine function is the production of pancreatic juice.
    It has 5 parts.
    It is a retroperitoneal organ.
    The endocrine function is the production of insulin and glucagon.
A

It is an intraperitoneal organ.

151
Q
  1. Which structure runs posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
    Superior mesenteric artery and vein
    Splenorenal ligament
    Jejunum
    Inferior mesenteric vein
    Inferior mesenteric artery
A

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

152
Q
  1. In which structure does the tail of the pancreas run?
    Splenorenal ligament
    Phrenicocolic ligament
    Transverse mesocolon
    Gastrosplenic ligament
    Greater omentum
A

Splenorenal ligament

153
Q
  1. Which 2 veins unite to form the hepatic portal vein?
    Superior mesenteric and splenic
    Gastroduodenal and splenic
    Superior mesenteric and gastric
    Inferior vena cava and splenic
    Inferior mesenteric and gastric
A

Superior mesenteric and splenic

154
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the minor duodenal papilla is accurate?
    The main pancreatic duct opens here.
    The bile duct opens here.
    It is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct.
    It is located inferior to the major duodenal papilla.
    It has a sphincter that controls its activity.
A

It is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct.

155
Q
  1. Which cells in the pancreas produce pancreatic enzymes?
    Enterochromaffin cells
    Beta cells
    Acinar cells
    Chief cells
    Alpha cells
A

Acinar cells

156
Q
  1. What is the function of the accessory pancreatic duct?
    It produces pancreatic enzymes.
    Stones are usually formed here.
    It drains the tail of the pancreas.
    It drains the head of the pancreas and the uncinate process.
    It helps in the drainage of bile coming from the gallbladder.
A

It drains the head of the pancreas and the uncinate process.

157
Q
  1. Which boundary of the omental bursa does the spleen form?
    Superior
    Posterior
    Inferior
    Left
    Right
A

Left

158
Q
  1. Which ribs, when fractured, could rupture the spleen?
    Left 5th, 6th, and 7th
    Left 11th and 12th
    Left 6th, 7th, and 8th
    Left 9th, 10th, and 11th
    Right 10th, 11th, and 12th
A

Left 9th, 10th, and 11th

159
Q
  1. Which organ forms an inferior impression on the spleen?
    Splenic flexure of the colon
    Transverse colon
    Pancreas
    Left kidney
    Stomach
A

Left kidney

160
Q
  1. Which part of the pancreas do the superior mesenteric vessels lie posterior to?
    Head
    Neck
    Uncinate process
    Body
A

Neck

161
Q
  1. Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery originate?
    Common hepatic artery
    Hepatic artery proper
    Right gastro-omental artery
    Gastroduodenal artery
A

Gastroduodenal artery

162
Q
  1. Which structure has the inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries as branches?
    Abdominal aorta
    Superior mesenteric artery
    Inferior mesenteric artery
    Gastroduodenal artery
    Celiac trunk
A

Superior mesenteric artery

163
Q
  1. On which surface of the pancreas does the splenic artery run?
    Inferior
    Medial
    Superior
    Lateral
    Anterior
A

Superior

164
Q
  1. From which pancreatic surface does the root of the transverse mesocolon originate?
    Inferior
    Posterior
    Superior
    Anterior
A

Anterior

165
Q
  1. Which ribs are located alongside the spleen?
    9th, 10th, and 11th
    7th, 8th, and 9th
    8th, 9th, and 10th
    10th, 11th, and 12th
A

9th, 10th, and 11th

166
Q
  1. At which vertebral level does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm?
    T8
    T10
    T6
    T12
A

T12

167
Q
  1. What is the principal artery of the foregut?
    Splenic artery
    Superior mesenteric artery
    Inferior mesenteric artery
    Common hepatic artery
    Celiac trunk
A

Celiac trunk

168
Q
  1. What is the vertebral level where the inferior mesenteric artery originates from the aorta?
    L1
    L3
    L2
    L4
    T12
A

L3

169
Q
  1. Which artery supplies the organs of the midgut?
    Thoracic aorta
    Superior mesenteric
    Inferior mesenteric
    Celiac trunk
    Abdominal aorta
A

Superior mesenteric

170
Q
  1. Which artery has a branch called the gastroduodenal artery?
    Common hepatic
    Right gastro-omental
    Left gastric
    Celiac
A

Common hepatic

171
Q
  1. Which artery is a branch of the splenic artery?
    Left gastric
    Left gastro-epiploic (gastro-omental)
    Right gastro-omental
    Cystic
    Right gastric
A

Left gastro-epiploic (gastro-omental)

172
Q
  1. Which organ is not supplied by the celiac trunk directly or by any of its branches?
    Pancreas
    Proximal half of the duodenum
    Distal half of the duodenum
    The inferior part of the esophagus
    Stomach
A

Distal half of the duodenum

173
Q
  1. Which vessel has a branch called the right gastric artery?
    Superior mesenteric artery
    Celiac trunk
    Proper hepatic artery
    Right gastro-epiploic (gastro-omental) artery
    Inferior mesenteric artery
A

Proper hepatic artery

174
Q
  1. Which arteries form an anastomotic loop around the lesser curvature of the stomach?
    Left gastric and gastroduodenal
    Left gastro-omental and left gastric
    Right gastric and left gastric
    Right gastro-omental and left gastro-omental
    Right gastric and gastroduodenal
A

Right gastric and left gastric

175
Q
  1. Which artery has a branch called the esophageal artery?
    Splenic
    Left gastric
    Gastroduodenal
    Common hepatic
    Right gastric
A

Left gastric

176
Q
  1. At which vertebral level does the celiac trunk arise from the abdominal aorta?
    T8
    L2
    T12
    L3
    T10
A

T12

177
Q
  1. A person has an atherosclerotic plaque in the superior mesenteric artery that has completely occluded the blood vessel. Which part of the gastrointestinal tract will show no effects from this occlusion?
    Jejunum
    Ileum
    Ascending colon
    Appendix
    Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
A

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon

178
Q
  1. Which artery connects the superior mesenteric artery with the inferior mesenteric artery?
    Sigmoidal
    Marginal
    Ileocolic
    Superior rectal
    Inferior rectal
A

Marginal

179
Q
  1. What is the vertebral level where the inferior mesenteric artery originates?
    L3
    L1
    L2
    T12
    T10
A

L3

180
Q
  1. When the inferior mesenteric artery terminates, what is the artery where it continues?
    Ileocolic
    Superior rectal
    Left colic
    Middle colic
    Inferior rectal
A

Superior rectal

181
Q
  1. Which surface of the pancreas does the splenic vein run along?
    Superior
    Anterior
    Posterior
    Inferior
A

Posterior

182
Q
  1. Which abdominal vein does the descending colon drain into?
    Superior mesenteric
    Sigmoidal
    Inferior mesenteric
    Splenic
A

Inferior mesenteric

183
Q
  1. Which two veins form the hepatic portal vein?
    Right gastric and splenic veins
    Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins
    Splenic and inferior mesenteric veins
    Cystic and splenic veins
    Splenic and superior mesenteric veins
A

Splenic and superior mesenteric veins

184
Q
  1. Which vein does the esophagus drain into?
    Cystic
    Left gastric vein
    Right gastro-omental vein
    Right gastric vein
    Superior mesenteric
A

Left gastric vein

185
Q
  1. Where does the hepatic portal vein originate?
    Anterior to the tail of the pancreas
    Superior to the neck of the pancreas
    Posterior to the head of the pancreas
    Anterior to the head of the pancreas
    Posterior to the neck of the pancreas
A

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

186
Q
  1. hich of the following venous anastomosis variations does NOT occur?
    Splenic vein into the hepatic portal vein
    Superior mesenteric vein into the hepatic portal vein
    Inferior mesenteric vein into the hepatic portal vein
    Left gastric vein into the splenic vein
    Left gastric vein into the hepatic portal vein
A

Inferior mesenteric vein into the hepatic portal vein

187
Q
  1. Portal-systemic anastomoses can be characterized as…? (Select all that apply)
    …veins that are typically very narrow and quiescent.
    …veins that connect the venous portal system to the systemic circulation.
    …veins that typically carry large amounts of blood.
    …veins that include the esophageal, rectal, para-umbilical, and colic veins.
    …veins that deliver additional blood to the liver when the portal circulation is blocked.
A

…veins that are typically very narrow and quiescent.
…veins that connect the venous portal system to the systemic circulation.
…veins that include the esophageal, rectal, para-umbilical, and colic veins.

188
Q
  1. With which systemic veins do the esophageal veins form a portal-systemic anastomosis ?
    Azygos
    Superficial epigastric
    Inferior rectal
    Retroperitoneal
A

Azygos

189
Q
  1. A patient with liver cirrhosis is found to have hemorrhoids on physical exam. In this patient, the inferior and middle rectal veins are most likely draining into which vein?
    Internal iliac
    Paraumbilical
    Sigmoidal
    Gastro-omental
    External iliac
A

Internal iliac

190
Q
  1. The caput medusae results from the distention of which veins?
    Inferior epigastric
    External iliac
    Paraumbilical
    Hepatic
    Colic
A

Paraumbilical

191
Q
  1. In the setting of portal hypertension, the colic veins will drain into the inferior vena cava via which veins?
    Inferior epigastric
    Superior epigastric
    Paraumbilical
    Superior rectal
    Retroperitoneal
A

Retroperitoneal

192
Q
  1. Which muscle is NOT part of the posterior abdominal wall?
    Quadratus lumborum
    Psoas minor
    Psoas major
    Transversus abdominis
    Iliacus
A

Transversus abdominis

193
Q
  1. Which action does the quadratus lumborum perform?
    Extension of the thigh
    Medial rotation of the vertebral column
    Medial rotation of the thigh
    Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
    Flexion of the thigh
A

Lateral flexion of the vertebral column

194
Q
  1. A patient had a severe accident in which his pelvis was fractured. Now he complains of an inability to flex his thigh. Which nerve roots are most likely damaged?
    L1 and L2
    L2, L3, and L4
    L2 and L3
    L3 and L4
    L4 and L5
A

L2, L3, and L4

195
Q
  1. Which structure passes through the esophageal hiatus?
    Internal thoracic artery
    Greater splanchnic nerve
    Vagus nerve
    Thoracic duct
    Left phrenic nerve
A

Vagus nerve

196
Q
  1. Which of the following structures contributes to the superior boundary of the posterior abdominal wall?
    Psoas muscle
    Iliac crest
    Diaphragm
    11th rib
    First lumbar vertebra
A

Diaphragm

197
Q
  1. At which vertebral level does the descending aorta bifurcate?
    L4
    L5
    L3
    L2
A

L4

198
Q
  1. Which term indicates the location of the inferior vena cava in relation to the aorta?
    Anterolateral
    Anterior
    Right
    Posterior
    Left
A

Right

199
Q
  1. Which structure avoids draining directly into the inferior vena cava?
    Hepatic vein
    Right suprarenal vein
    Left renal vein
    Left gonadal vein
    Right gonadal vein
A

Left gonadal vein

200
Q
  1. Which nerve runs along the anterior surface of the psoas major?
    Iliohypogastric
    Genitofemoral
    Ilioinguinal
    Femoral
A

Genitofemoral

201
Q
  1. Which nerve roots pass through the defect in the obturator fascia?
    L1, L2, and L3
    L2, L3, and L4
    LI and L2
    L3, L4, and L5
    T12, LI, and L2
A

L2, L3, and L4

202
Q
  1. Which of the following nerves runs lateral to the psoas major muscle?
    Inguinal
    Genitofemoral
    Femoral
    Sciatic
    Obturator
A

Femoral

203
Q
  1. The kidneys are typically located between which vertebral levels?
    T10–L1
    T11–L2
    T11–L1
    T12–L1
    T12–L3
A

T12–L3

204
Q
  1. Which statement regarding kidneys is inaccurate?
    The right kidney is usually lower than the left one.
    They maintain an acid-base balance.
    The left kidney is usually lower than the right one.
    They remove excess water and salts from the body.
    They are retroperitoneal organs.
A

The left kidney is usually lower than the right one.

205
Q
  1. Which of the following structure(s) does not lie posterior to the kidneys?
    Iliohypogastric nerve
    Diaphragm
    Ureters
    Quadratus lumborum muscle
    Subcostal nerve
A

Ureters

206
Q
  1. What is the position of the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys?
    Posterior
    Superomedial
    Superolateral
    Medial
    Lateral
A

Superomedial

207
Q
  1. Which of the following nerves is not found directly posterior to the kidney?
    Genitofemoral
    Ilioinguinal
    Subcostal
    Iliohypogastric
A

Genitofemoral

208
Q
  1. Which statement concerning the renal vasculature is inaccurate?
    The renal veins are positioned anterior to the renal arteries.
    The left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein.
    The renal veins drain into the inferior vena cava.
    The right renal vein is longer than the left.
A

The right renal vein is longer than the left.

209
Q
  1. Which structure lies just inside the renal fascia?
    Transversalis fascia
    Perinephric fat
    Renal cortex
    Paranephric fat
    Peritoneum
A

Perinephric fat

210
Q
  1. Where are nephrons located in the kidney?
    Major calyx
    Minor calyx
    Renal cortex
    Renal column
    Cortex and pyramids
A

Cortex and pyramids

211
Q
  1. Which structure is located outside the renal sinus?
    Fat
    Renal arteries and veins
    Major calyces
    Nerves
    Ureters
A

Ureters

212
Q
  1. Which of the following locations is NOT a site of ureter constriction?
    Crossing the pelvic brim
    Junction of the ureter and the renal pelvis
    Entrance to the bladder
    Along the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
A

Along the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

213
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the ureters is inaccurate?
    They convey urine into the bladder.
    They are constricted at their entrance into the bladder.
    They are intraperitoneal throughout their course.
    They are retroperitoneal throughout their course.
    They are constricted at the pelvic brim.
A

They are intraperitoneal throughout their course.

214
Q
  1. Where do the superior suprarenal arteries originate?
    Renal arteries
    Inferior phrenic
    Celiac trunk
    Aorta
A

Inferior phrenic

215
Q
  1. Which of the following is located medial to the right adrenal gland?
    inferior vena cava
    Spleen
    Gallbladder
    Pancreas
    Liver
A

inferior vena cava

216
Q
  1. Which artery originates directly from the aorta?
    Inferior suprarenal
    Middle suprarenal
    Superior suprarenal
    Inferior vesical
A

Middle suprarenal

Lecturio QBank (1 decks)

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