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A-level History-Russia > lenin social > Flashcards

lenin social Flashcards

1
Q

what was L’s aims for work

A

all people should be able to work - Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploiting People 1918 (everyone had to work, couldn’t just make £ through land ownership)

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2
Q

what % of metal + chemical workers were unemployed by march 1918

A

75%

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3
Q

when war communism was introduced, what was introduced in sept 1918

A

compulsory labour
-workers given ration cards varying on work importance
-benefits of free public transport, communal dining halls + laundries

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4
Q

why was there no successful full employment under war communism 1918

A

factories closed due to fuel shortages so ppl fled to the countryside for food and fuel

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5
Q

under what scheme did unemployment return

A

NEP

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6
Q

what % was unemployment at by 1924

A

18%

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7
Q

what did the communists do to try and help urban workers (3 things)

A

-social insurance for over 9 million ppl (disability, unemployment, maternity + medical benefits)
-unions given the right to negotiate agreements with employers about pay + working conditions
-investment into education

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8
Q

how was housing under L

A

aristocrat/ middle class houses forcefully redistributed to poor/homeless
housebuilding restarted under NEP in 1923 in private hands = no significant new investment

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9
Q

what was the name of the women’s department of communist party - who was its head

A

Zhenotdel, Alexandra Kollontai

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10
Q

how did Kollontai feel about family

A

oppressive social organisation - wanted communal living + free love
Trotsky + L = conservative so critical

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11
Q

what were co-education rooms expanded to by 1930

A

28% of uni students = women

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12
Q

what were some reforms that liberated women

A

-legal right to abortion
-divorces easy to obtain (postcard divorces 1926)
-legal right to equal pay for equal work and equal voting rights (meant very little in reality)

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13
Q

why were reforms that ‘liberated women’ not good, why did they still suffer at work

A

-women in cities sacked so men could have industrial jobs
-women in countryside worked triple shift (farm work, chores + handicrafts for extra income)

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14
Q

what did L believe high level education started with

A

basic literacy
vital to build socialism (educated workforce for industrialisation)

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15
Q

what did the oct 1918 gov reforms decree about education

A

-free polytechnic education for 8-17
-banned religious instruction in schools
-abolished corporal punishment + hw + exams

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16
Q

in reality what happened to schools under L

A

didn’t change much due to the civil war with insufficient resources to invest in education
no reliable teacher training system

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17
Q

in the first 18 months of NEP the number of children in education and number of schools ______

A

halved

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18
Q

by 1928 what were some positives of education

2 negatives

A

-primary school fees abolished + most children had 4yrs primary education
-60% of primary school children in school

-countryside children less likely to get education
-only wealthy children could afford secondary education fees

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19
Q

when was the Komsomol set up

A

1918 for 16-18 yr olds

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20
Q

when were the Young Pioneers set up

A

1922 for 10-15yr olds

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21
Q

what were the aims of the komosol and young pioneers

A

-way for young ppl to express support for communist party
-learn about political campaigning
-enjoy communal recreation
-> they put up posters + distributed communist party leaflets

22
Q

when and what was L’s Decree on Literacy

A

1919 = required all illiterate ppl aged 8-50 to learn to read + write
-conscripted literate ppl to teach
-Red army introduced education for all soldiers
6.5 million textbooks with simple rhymes

23
Q

what were the problems with literacy due to civil war and initial economic problems on NEP

A

not enough educational products due to war economy
-by 1960 = 1 pencil for every 60 students

24
Q

how did literacy rates improve from 1914 to 1928

A

1914 = 38%
1928 = 55%

25
Q

how many textbooks with simple rhymes printed

A

6.5 million

26
Q

by 1960 there was 1 pencil for how many students

A

60 students

27
Q

when was the Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploiting People published by L

A

1918

28
Q

what two things did the Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploiting People introduce

A

-abolished private ownership of land
-everyone had to work

29
Q

by 1926 urban workers ate what % of meat + fish more than 1913

A

10% more

30
Q

what % of housing under NEP was returned to private hands

A

60-80%

31
Q

when was rent reintroduced

A

1921

32
Q

when did housebuilding restart under NEP with the majority being built by private companies

A

1923

33
Q

where did female Party members tend to work during the Civil War

A

Commissariat of Social Welfare or Commissariat of Education

34
Q

what % of delegates in the Party Congress in 1918 were women

A

5%

35
Q

what was the name of the women’s department of the Communist Party

A

Zhenotdel

36
Q

what happened to women working industrial jobs after the civil war ended

A

they were sacked so men could take the industrial jobs back

37
Q

by 1930 what % of university students were women

A

28%

38
Q

when were women given the legal right to equal pay for equal work + equal voting rights

A

1919

39
Q

could women get an abortion and access contraception

A

yes

40
Q

when were postcard divorces introduced

A

1926

41
Q

why were equal voting rights for women useless

A

democracy was suspended 1918 ( constituent assembly) and abolished 1921

42
Q

what % of divorces were initiated by men between 1917-28

A

70%

43
Q

when was the Marriage Code introduced

A

1926

43
Q

when did the government introduced educational reforms

A

October 1918

44
Q

what were the 1918 educational reforms

A

-labour schools to provide free polytechnic education for 8-17 year olds
-banned religious instruction
-introduced co-educational schools
-abolished corporal punishment, homework + exams
-made education compulsory

45
Q

why did education decline under NEP initially (reasons in 1921)

A

-gov forced some schools to close to save money
-introduced fees for primary + secondary education (apart from poorest kids)

46
Q

when were fees for primary schools abolished

A

1927

47
Q

what % of Soviet primary school children were in school by 1928

A

60%

48
Q

what % was literacy of Red Army soldiers in 1921

A

86%

49
Q

what was the % literacy rate were peasants at in 1928

A

55%

50
Q
A

A-level History-Russia (16 decks)

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