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Mental Health > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior

A

The manner in which a person performs any or all of the activities of daily life

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2
Q

Mental Health

A

A state of well-being in which individuals reach their own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and contribute to the community

A person’s ability to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of everyday living

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3
Q

Mental illness or disorder

A

A manifestation of dysfunction
(Behavioral, psychological, and biological)

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4
Q

Humoral theory

A

An imbalance of humors based on the fundamental elements of the world: air, fire, water and earth.
(Fluid in the body: blood 🩸, yellow bile, phlegm, and black bile)

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5
Q

Bedlam

A

A place of confusion and disorder

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6
Q

Frontal lobotomy

A

A surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes are severed from the thalamus

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7
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The release of psychiatric patients from institutions to live and receive treatment in the community setting

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8
Q

Stress

A

The nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

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9
Q

Stressor

A

A situation, activity, or event that produces stress

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10
Q

Anxiety

A

A vague feeling of apprehension that results from a perceived threat to the self, although the source is often unknown

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11
Q

Motivation

A

The gathering of personal resources or inner drive to complete a task or reach a goal

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12
Q

Frustration

A

The emotional response to anything that interferes with the goal directed activity

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13
Q

Conflict

A

A struggle, usually a mental one, either conscious or unconscious

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14
Q

Adaptation

A

The ability to adjust to changing life situations by using various strategies

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15
Q

Coping responses

A

The responses used to reduce anxiety brought on by stress

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16
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Behavioral patterns that protect individuals against a real or perceived threat; they are used to block conscious awareness of threatening feelings

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17
Q

Illness

A

A state of homeostatic imbalance

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18
Q

Crisis

A

An unstable period in a person’s life characterized by the inability to adapt to a change from a precipitating event

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19
Q

Identity crisis

A

A condition of instability that arises from an emotional or situational upheaval and results in extreme or decisive change

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20
Q

Alert

A

The client answers questions spontaneously and appropriately

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21
Q

Lethargic

A

Able to open their eyes and respond but is drowsy and falls asleep readily

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22
Q

Stuporous

A

Requires vigorous or painful stimuli (pinching a tendon or rubbing the sternum) to elicit a brief response, might not be able to respond verbally

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23
Q

Comatose

A

Unconscious and does not respond to painful stimuli

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24
Q

Mood

A

A client’s mood provided information about the emotion that the client is feeling

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25
Q

Affect

A

A client’s affect is an objective expression of mood (a flat affect or lack of facial expression)

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26
Q

Memory

A

Immediate: ask the client to repeat a series of numbers or a list of objects

Recent: ask the client to recall events (visitors from the current day) or the purpose of the current mental health appointment or admission

Remote: ask the client to state a fact from their past that is verifiable (their birth date or their mother’s maiden name)

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27
Q

Speech

A

Rate, volume, vocabulary

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28
Q

HEADSSS

A

Assess:

H: Home environment: client’s relationship with family
E: Education/employment: performance
A: Activities: peer interaction, extracurricular activities
D: Drug and substance abuse
S: Sexuality
S: Suicide/depression
S: Safety: abuse in the home or violence

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29
Q

Cognition and judgement

A

Can the client interpret a cliché ( a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush)

Answer the question, What would you do if there were a fire in your room? The client should provide a logical response

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30
Q

DSM-5
(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition)

A

Used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health disorders in clients following standard criteria

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31
Q

Beneficence

A

The quality of doing good; can be described as charity

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32
Q

Autonomy

A

The client’s right to make their own decisions. However, the client must accept the consequences of those decisions. The client must also respect the decisions of others.

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33
Q

Justice

A

Fair and equal treatment for all

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34
Q

Fidelity

A

Loyalty and faithfulness to the client and to one’s duty

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35
Q

Veracity

A

Honesty when dealing with a client

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36
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Doing no harm to the patient

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37
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

Conflict between two or more courses of action, each carrying out favorable and unfavorable consequences

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38
Q

Duty to warn

A

Obligated to warn third party

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39
Q

Voluntary admission

A

Patient chooses admission to a mental health facility in order to obtain treatment. Client is considered competent and has the right to refuse medication and treatment.
Before release, a client must be evaluated and if deemed necessary, the care provider can initiate an involuntary admission

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40
Q

Involuntary admission

A

Admitted against their will for an indefinite time
(Diagnosed with a mental illness, danger to self or others, gravely disabled, mental illness prevents voluntary help-seeking)

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41
Q

Temporary emergency admission

A

Admitted for emergent mental health care due to the inability to make decisions regarding care.

(The medical health care provider can initiate the admission which is then evaluated by a mental health care provider and hold the patient for 24-96 hours. There must be a court hearing within 72 hours and another hearing in 7 to 21 hrs depending upon the state requirements)

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42
Q

Physical restraint

A

Any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduced the ability of a patient to move arms, legs, body, or head freely (exclusions: orthopedic devices etc)

Side rails: if all 4 are up it’s considered a restraint

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43
Q

Chemical restraint

A

Medications such as anxiolytics and sedatives used to manage a patients behavior and are not a standard treatment for a patients condition

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44
Q

False imprisonment

A

Confining a client to a specific area (a seclusion room) physically, verbally, or using a chemical restraint when it is not part of the clients treatment is considered ( to prevent client harm to self or others) FALSE IMPRISONMENT

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45
Q

Assault

A

Making a threat to a client’s person (approaching the client in a threatening manner with a syringe in hand) is considered ASSAULT

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46
Q

Battery

A

Touching a client in a harmful or offensive way is considered BATTERY.
(This WOUKD occur if the nurse is threatening the client with a syringe actually grabbed the client and gave an injection against the client’s will)

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47
Q

Negligence

A

Failing to provide adequate care in a personal or professional situation when one has an obligation to do so

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48
Q

Malpractice

A

A type of professional negligence

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49
Q

Personality

A

Unique patterns of mental, emotional, and behavioral traits, woven together.

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50
Q

Self

A

A complex concept comprising four distant parts that influence behavior: personal identity, body image, role, and self esteem

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51
Q

Altruism

A

Dealing with anxiety by reaching out to others

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52
Q

Sublimation

A

Dealing with unacceptable feelings or impulses by unconsciously substituting acceptable forms of expression

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53
Q

Suppression

A

Voluntarily denying unpleasant thoughts and feelings

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54
Q

Repression

A

Unconsciously putting acceptable ideas, thoughts, and emotions out of awareness

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55
Q

Regression

A

Sudden use of childlike or primitive behaviors that do not correlate with the person’s current developmental level

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56
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting feelings related to an object, person, or situation to another less threatening object, person, or situation

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57
Q

Reaction formation

A

Overcompensating or demonstrating the opposite behavior of what is felt

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58
Q

Undoing

A

Performing an act to make up for prior behavior (most commonly seen in children)

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59
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating reasonable and acceptable explanations for unacceptable behavior

60
Q

Dissociation

A

Creating a temporary compartmentalization or lack of connection between the person’s identity, memory, or how they perceive the environment

61
Q

Denial

A

Pretending the truth is not reality to manage unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts or feelings

62
Q

Compensation

A

Emphasizing strengths to make up for weaknesses

63
Q

Identification

A

Conscious or unconscious assumption of the characteristics of another or group

64
Q

Intellectualization

A

Separation of emotions and logical facts when analyzing or coping with a situation or event

65
Q

Conversion

A

Responding to stress through the unconscious development of physical manifestations not caused by a physical illness

66
Q

Splitting

A

Demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others

67
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s unacceptable thoughts and feelings onto another who does not have them

68
Q

Silence

A

Allows time for meaningful reflection

69
Q

Open-ended questions

A

Facilitates spontaneous responses and interactive discussion

70
Q

Closed-ended questions

A

Use sparingly. Avoid using repeated closed-ended questions which can block further communication

71
Q

Projective questions

A

Uses “what if” or similar questions to assist clients in exploring feelings and to gain greater understanding of problems and possible solutions

72
Q

Presupposition questions

A

Explores the client’s life goals or motivations by presenting a hypothetical situation in which the client no longer has the mental health disorder

73
Q

Restating

A

Uses the client’s exact words

74
Q

Reflecting

A

Directs the focus back to the client in order for the client to confirm what has been communicated

75
Q

Exploring

A

Allows the nurse to gather more information regarding important topics mentioned by client

76
Q

Offering general leads, broad opening statement

A

Encourages the client to determine where the communication can start and to continue talking

77
Q

Showing acceptance and recognition

A

Acknowledge the nurse’s interest And nonjudgmental attitude

78
Q

Focusing

A

This technique helps the client to concentrate on what is important

79
Q

Giving information

A

This technique provides details that the client might need for decision making

80
Q

Presenting reality

A

This technique is used to help the client focus on what is actually happening and to dispel delusions, hallucinations, or faulty beliefs

81
Q

Summarizing

A

Summarizing emphasizes important points and reviews what has been discussed

82
Q

Offering self

A

Use of this technique demonstrates a willingness to spend time with the client. Indicates to the client that the nurse has genuine concern

83
Q

Touch

A

If appropriate, therapeutic touch communicates caring and can provide comfort to the client

84
Q

Social relationship

A

Primary purpose is for socialization or friendship with a focus on the mutual needs of the individuals involved in the relationship

85
Q

Therapeutic relationship

A

Primary purpose is to identify the client’s problems or needs and then focus on assisting the client in meeting or resolving those issues

86
Q

Transference

A

Occurs when the client views a member of the health care team as having characteristics of another person who has been significant to the client’s personal life

87
Q

Countertransference

A

Occurs when a health care team member displaces characteristics of people in their past onto a client

88
Q

Community Meetings

A

Discussion of issues of concern to all members of the unit, including common problems, future activities, and the introduction of new clients to the unit

89
Q

Individual therapy

A

Scheduled sessions with a mental health provider to address specific mental health concerns (e.g. depression)

90
Q

Group therapy

A

Scheduled sessions for a group of clients to address common mental health issues (e.g substance use disorder)

91
Q

Psychoeducational groups

A

Based on client’s level of functioning and personal needs (e.g. adverse effects of medication)

92
Q

Recreational activities

A

Include games and community outings

93
Q

Unstructured flexible times

A

Included opportunities for the nurse and other staff to observe clients as they interact spontaneously within the milieu

94
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

Elevated, persistent and disabling anxiety, behavior changed and impairment of function disrupting the ability to participate in routine daily activities

95
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

Excessive fear or anxiety when separated from an individual to which the client is emotionally attached (or anticipating separation)

96
Q

Specific phobias

A

Irrational fear of a certain object or situation, experience anxiety manifestations just because thinking if the feared object or situation and might attempt to decrease the anxiety through the use of alcohol or other substances

97
Q

Monophobia

A

Phobia of being alone

98
Q

Zoophobia

A

Phobia of animals

99
Q

Acrophobia

A

Phobia of heights

100
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Extreme fear of certain places (the outdoors, being on a bridge) where the client feels vulnerable or unsafe

101
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder
(Social Phobia)

A

The client experiences excessive fear of social or performance situations , excessive fear of embarrassment or poor performance

(The client might report physical manifestations (actual or factitious) in an attempt to avoid the social situation or need to perform)

102
Q

Panic disorder

A

Recurrent panic attacks (last 10 minutes, pt is unable to focus or problem solve) with 4 or more manifestations:
•Palpitations
•Shortness of breath
•Choking or smothering sensation
•Nausea
•Feelings of depersonalization
•Fear of dying or insanity
•Chills or hot flashes

(The client might experience behavior changes and or persistent worries about when the next attack will occur. Clients experiencing a panic attack or severe anxiety are unable to concentrate or learn)

103
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Uncontrollable, excessive worry for at least 6 months, the majority of days and significant impairment in one or more areas of functioning (work related duties)
•Restlessness
•Muscle tension
•Avoidance of stressful activities or events
•Increased time and effort required to prepare for stressful activities or events
•Procrastination in decision making
•Sleep disturbance

104
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Intrusive thoughts of unrealistic obsessions and tries to control these thoughts with compulsive behaviors, such as repetitive cleaning of a particular object or washing of hands.
(Obsessions or compulsions are time consuming and result in impaired social and occupational functioning)

105
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

Difficulty parting with possessions regardless of value, resulting in extreme stress and functional impairments; extreme stress with thoughts of discarding or getting rid items. The client’s hoarding behavior results in social and occupational impairment and often leads to an unsafe living environment

106
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in physical appearance, repetitive behaviors to conceal the flaw (mirror checking or comparison to others), social and occupational impairment in response to the perceived physical defects or flaws

107
Q

Relaxation

A

Used to control pain, tension, and anxiety

108
Q

Modeling

A

Allows a client to see a demonstration of appropriate behavior in a stressful situation.
(The goal of therapy is that the client will imitate the behavior)

109
Q

Systematic densensitization

A

Begins with mastering of relaxation techniques. Then, a client is exposed to increasing levels of anxiety producing stimulus (either imaged or real) and uses relaxation to overcome the resulting anxiety. The goal of the therapy is that the client is able to tolerate a greater and greater level of the stimulus until anxiety no longer interferes with functioning. This form of therapy is especially effective for clients who have phobias.

110
Q

Flooding

A

Involves exposing the client to a great deal of an undesirable stimulus in an attempt to turn off the anxiety response. This therapy is useful for clients who have phobias

111
Q

Response prevention

A

Focuses on preventing the client from performing a compulsive behavior with the intent that anxiety will diminish

112
Q

Thought stopping

A

Teaches a client to say “stop” when NEGATIVE thoughts or compulsive behaviors arise, and substitute a positive thought. The goal of therapy is that with time, the client uses the command silently.

113
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood disorder with recurrent episodes of depression and mania, usually emerge in early adulthood, but can be diagnosed in pediatric clients.

114
Q

PTSD

A

Exposure to traumatic events causes anxiety, detachment, and other manifestations about the event for longer than 1 month following the event and can last for years.

115
Q

Dissociative disorder
(Depersonalization/derealization disorder)

A

A temporary change in awareness displaying depersonalization, derealization, or both, often in response to stress, a feeling that a person is observing one’s own personality or body from a distance or a feeling that outside events are unreal or part of a dream, or that objects appear larger or smaller than they should.

116
Q

Intrusive findings
(PTSD) S&S

A

Involuntary memories
Flashbacks
Nighttime dreams (traumatic event related)
Trying to avoid thinking about the event

117
Q

Mood and cognitive alterations
(PTSD) S&S

A

Anxiety or depression
Anger irritability
Decrease interest in current activities
Guilt
Negative self beliefs
Detachment from others
Inability to experience positive emotion
Dissociative manifestations

118
Q

Behavioral manifestations
(PTSD) S&S

A

Aggression
Irritability and angry responses toward others
Hypervigilance with heightened startle responses
Inability to focus and concentrate on work or other activities
Sleep disturbances
Destructive behavior

119
Q

Mania

A

An abnormally elevated mood, which can also be described as expansive or irritable; usually requires hospitalization. Manic episodes last at least 1 week

120
Q

Mania S&S

A

Labile mood with euphoria
Agitation and irritability
Restlessness
Dislike of interference and intolerance of criticism
Increase in talking and activity

FLIGHT OF IDEAS: rapid continuous speech with sudden and frequent topic change

Grandiose view of self and abilities

IMPULSIVITY: spending money, giving away money or possessions
Demanding and manipulative behavior
Distractibility and decreased attention span
Poor judgment

ATTENTION SEEKING BEHAVIOR: flashy dress and makeup, inappropriate behavior
Impairment in social and occupational functioning
Decreased sleep
Neglect of ADL’s including nutrition and hydration
Possible presence of delusions and hallucinations
Denial of illness

MANIA CAN RESULT IN SEVERE PHYSICAL EXHAUSTION LEADING TO DEATH

121
Q

Depression S&S

A

Flat, blunted, labile affect
Tearfulness, crying
Lack of energy
Anhedonia: loss of pleasure and lack of interest in activities, sexual activity or hobbies
Physical pain/discomfort
Difficulty concentrating, focusing, problem solving
Self destructive behavior (suicidal ideation)
Decrease in personal hygiene
Loss or increase of appetite and or sleep
Disturbed sleep
Psychomotor retardation or agitation

122
Q

Therapeutic Milieu

A

Safe environment

123
Q

Depressive disorder

A

Depression is affective mood disorder, affects feelings thoughts and behaviors. Classified as mild, moderate and severe

124
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Single/recurrent episodes of Unipolar depression
NO MANIA PRESENT
Significant change in normal functioning
At least 5 specific clinical findings from the symptom list
Symptoms occur almost every day, lasting most the day for a minimum of 2 weeks
Can present with psychotic features auditory hallucinations delusions

125
Q

Postpartum onset

A

Subtype of MMD
Begins within 4 weeks of childbirth
Can include delusions
Safety concerns for mother and baby

126
Q

Seasonal affective disorder
(SAD)

A

Occurs in the WINTER
Due to lack of daylight
Light therapy is the first line treatment

127
Q

Persistent depressive disorder
(Dysrhythmic disorder)

A

Milder form of depression
Earlier onset (in childhood or adolescence)
Last at least 2 years for adults ( 1 year for children)
Persistent depressive disorder contains at least three clinical findings of depression
Later in life can become major depressive disorder

128
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
(PMDD)

A

Associated with the literal phase of menstrual cycle
Severe enough to interfere with the ability of a client to work or interact with others
Mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed and difficulty concentrating
Lack of energy
Overeating
Hyper or insomnia
Breast tenderness
Aching
Bloating
Weight gain
(Treatment includes exercise, diet and relaxation)

129
Q

Neurosis

A

Ineffective coping with stress that causes mild interpersonal disorganization

130
Q

Psychosis

A

Out of touch with reality and has severe personality deterioration, impaired perception and judgement, hallucinations, and delusions.

131
Q

Delirium

A

A change in consciousness that occurs rapidly over a short time

132
Q

Dementia

A

An altered mental state secondary to cerebral disease

133
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Gross distortion of reality; disturbance of language and communication; withdrawal from social interaction; and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction.

134
Q

Delusion

A

A false, fixed belief that cannot be corrected by feedback and that other people in the same cultural context do not accept as true.

135
Q

Hallucination

A

A sensory experience without a stimulus trigger

136
Q

Apathy

A

Lack of energy or interest

137
Q

Alogia

A

Reduced content of speech

138
Q

Anhedonia

A

The inability to experience happiness or joy

139
Q

Disorganized Schizophrenia

A

Flat or inappropriate affect, incoherence, prognosis is poor

140
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

Delusions, auditory hallucinations; prognosis is good with treatment

141
Q

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A

Stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, posturing; prognosis is fair

142
Q

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

A

Delusions, hallucinations, incoherence, gross disorganization (does not fit criteria of other types); prognosis is fair

143
Q

Residual Schizophrenia

A

Typical signs and symptoms associated with schizophrenia without evidence of gross disorganization, incoherence, delusions, and hallucinations; prognosis is poor.

144
Q

Compulsions

A

Behaviors that are performed in response to an obsessive thought

145
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Involuntary movements of tongue, face, lips, arms, legs trunk

146
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

Negative reinforcement is used to change behavior
(A stimulus attractive to the client is paired with an unpleasant experience)

147
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

How individuals feel and behave is determined by how they think about the world and their place in it.
Their cognitions are based on the attitudes and assumptions developed from previous experiences.

Mental Health (2 decks)

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