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HISTOPATH LEC > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the broad & complex scientific field which seeks to
understand the mechanism of injury to cells, tissues, body’s

A

General Pathology

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2
Q

“Body’s ability to heal and respond to injury”

A

General Pathology

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3
Q

deals w/ the irreversible cessation of the
vital function of the brain, heart, and lungs

A

Somatic death

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4
Q

comes after the somatic death

A

Molecular death

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5
Q
  • a study of microscopic structure of tissues / the
    study of tissues and cells under the microscope
A

Histology

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6
Q
  • forms exoskeleton
A

ECTODERM (external layer)

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7
Q
  • develops into organs
A

MESODERM (middle layer)

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8
Q
  • forms the inner lining organs
A

ENDODERM (internal layer)

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9
Q

Example of ectoderm

A

Skin cells of epidermis
○ Neuron on brain
○ Pigment cells

SNP

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10
Q

Example of mesoderm

A

Cardiac muscle cells
○ Skeletal muscle cells
○ Tubule cells of the kidney
○ Red blood cells
○ Smooth muscle cells (in gut)

CSTRS

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11
Q

Example of endoderm

A

Lung cells (alveolar cell)
○ Thyroid cells
○ Digestive cells (pancreatic cell)

LTD

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12
Q

4 TYPES OF TISSUES

A

EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCULAR
NERVOUS

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13
Q

3 LAYERS OF ORGAN TISSUE

A

ECTODERM
MESODERM
ENDODERM

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14
Q

Example of epithelial

A

● lining of GI tract organs & other
hollow organs
● skin surface (epidermis)

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15
Q

Example of connective

A

● fat & other soft padding tissue
● Bone
● tendon

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16
Q

example of muscular

A

● Cardiac
● Smooth
● Skeletal

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17
Q

Example if nervous tissue

A

● Brain
● Spinal cord
● Nerves

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18
Q

The major ingredient in all Connective Tissue:

A

COLLAGEN

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19
Q

4 DIVISIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
CARTILAGE
BONE
BLOOD

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20
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
example

A

Loose - Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
● Dense - Regular, Irregular, Elastic

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21
Q

CARTILAGE example

A

● Hyaline
● Fribrocartilage
● Elastic

22
Q

BONE example

A

● Compact
● Spongy

23
Q

IMPORTANCE OF HISTOLOGY IN GENERAL PATHOLOGY

➔ ____________________________, which
depend on the type of tissue, and the disease itself.
➔ ______________ that are characteristic of a
disease ______________________ cells and tissues, and the range of normality.
➔ Knowing the type of tissue and their composition is important
in the ______________________________
● These changes within cells and tissues can be visualized
using histopathologic techniques.

A

Disease processes affect tissues in distinctive ways

Understanding the changes

requires a detailed knowledge of the normal histology

selection of the appropriate histopathologic technique
and stain to be used.

24
Q

PATHOLOGY comes from the greek word ______ and ________

A

(Greek words) “Pathos” and “logos” - study of suffering
(or disease)

25
Q

➔ Underlying cause of death
➔ Structural and functional changes in cells, tissue and organs
➔ Molecular bases of diseases.

A

Histopathology

26
Q

Father of Modern Pathology

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

27
Q

Father of Medicine

A

HIPPOCRATES

28
Q

4 DIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY

A

GROSS PATHOLOGY
MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY

29
Q

Changes in the tissue that can be seen by the naked eye
● Gross examiner

A

GROSS PATHOLOGY

30
Q

Changes in the tissue that can be seen through a
microscope

A

MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY

31
Q

Compositions of body fluids, tissues, secretion, exudates
and transudates.

A

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

32
Q

Removal of an organ/tissue in the body for examination/
diagnosis
○

A

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY

33
Q

Any change from a state of health as a result of certain forms
of stimuli and stress.

A

DISEASE

34
Q

Four Aspects of Disease Process

A

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphological
& Molecular
Changes
Clinical
Manifestations

35
Q

Cause or origin of the disease; it can be genetic
or acquired factors

A

Etiology

36
Q

Mechanisms of the development of the disease
Sequence of event from initial stimulus to
ultimate expression of the disease
(From start to finish)

A

Pathogenesis

37
Q

Structural, biochemical and molecular alterations as a result of the disease
If something happened to us because of the disease that we have, it refers to morphological
& molecular changes

A

Morphological
& Molecular
Changes

38
Q

Functional consequence of the changes
(any changes that affect our functions may lead
to clinical manifestations)
Part of the aspects of a disease process

A

Clinical
Manifestations

39
Q

Effects that can be observed by others
(What others can see in you.)
E.g: Red spot in skin.

A

Signs

40
Q

Effects apparent only to the patient

E.g: fever

A

Symptoms

41
Q

Normal cells handle physiologic demands through ____________

A

HOMEOSTASIS

42
Q

act of maintaining a steady state
● An act of maintaining equilibrium, every single day
our body is trying to maintain equilibrium or
homeostasis
● Example: During cold weather, our body maintains
our body temperature.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

43
Q

changes made by cell in response to
environmental changes (stress or stimuli)

A

ADAPTATION

44
Q

altered cell structure or function due to:

a. Inability to adapt
b. Exposure to injurious stimuli
c. Deprivation from essential nutrients

A

CELL INJURY

45
Q

Remember that there are 2 types of cell
injury

A

Reversible injury
Irreversible injury

46
Q

will eventually lead to CELL DEATH

A

IRREVERSIBLE INJURY

47
Q

can lead back to
normal cell / homeostasis can be
achieved

A

Reversible injury

48
Q

death of cells occurs as a normal & controlled part
of a normal organism’s growth and development
➔ Part of the natural life cycle of a normal human
being
◆ E.g. skin cells
➔ Program cell death
➔ “Active cell death”
➔ Physiologic

A

Apoptosis

49
Q

➔ death of all of the cells in an organ & tissue due to
disease, injury or failure of the blood supply
➔ Premature/Accidental cell death
➔ “Passive cell death”
➔ Pathologic

A

Necrosis

50
Q

Two types of cell death

A

Apoptosis
Necrosis

51
Q

STAGES OF THE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS AND
INJURIOUS STIMULI: OTHER RESPONSES

A
  1. Autophagy
  2. Intracellular accumulation of substances
  3. Pathologic calcification
  4. Cellular aging
52
Q
A

HISTOPATH LEC (6 decks)

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