Lesson 1

Question 1

Behavior Modification Programs

Answer 1

Training courses that use rewards and reprimands to stimulate changes in behavior.

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

The ethological approach that states behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed

Question 3

Breaking Litterbox Training

Answer 3

When a cat urinates or defecates someplace other than the litter box.

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

The type of conditioned learning that associates stimuli occurring at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area.

Question 5

Classical Ethology

Answer 5

The ethological approach asserting that much of what animals know is instinctive or innate.

Question 6

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

Sensory input unrelated to a simple reflex behavior.

Question 7

Dance

Answer 7

A complex pattern of movements performed by a bee that directs other bees to a food source.

Question 8

Ethology

Answer 8

The study of animal behavior.

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

The scientific theory that characterized all related organisms as descended from common ancestors.

Question 10

Fixed Action Patterns

Answer 10

A term used by early ethologists to describe stereotypical or predictable behavior of a species.

Question 11

Function

Answer 11

In ethological terms, survival value.

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

The process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored.

Question 13

House Soiling

Answer 13

Urinating or defecating inside the home.

Question 14

Imprinting

Answer 14

The acquisition in the very young of certain fixed action patterns.

Question 15

Innate

Answer 15

Instinctive

Question 16

Instinct

Answer 16

A combination of unlearned responses characteristic of a species.

Question 17

Instrumental Learning

Answer 17

Learning by trial and error.

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

The process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment.

Question 19

Naturalists

Answer 19

Natural scientists.

Question 20

Nature-Nurture Controversy

Answer 20

The crux of two opposing schools: classical, which views animal behavior as primarily instinctive, and animal psychology, which views animal behavior as probably learned.

Question 21

Operant Conditioning

Answer 21

The type of conditioned learning that associates a certain activity, known as the operant, with punishment or reward.

Question 22

Operant

Answer 22

Functioning or tending to produce effects.

Question 23

Postparturition

Answer 23

Period of time after giving birth to offspring.

Question 24

Recognition of Individuals

Answer 24

The process that allows animals to distinguish their place in a social context broader than their relationship with primary caregivers.

Question 25

Sensitive Period

Answer 25

A specific stage early in an animal’s life when imprinting occurs.

Question 26

Social Behavior

Answer 26

The ways individual members of the same species interact with one another.

Question 27

Socialization

Answer 27

The process of adapting to contact with others.

Question 28

Sociobiology

Answer 28

The study of biological bases of social behavior.

Question 29

Spraying

Answer 29

Staining vertical surfaces with a strong-smelling urine.

Question 30

Stimulus-Response Theory

Answer 30

The psychological school of thought stating that all complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts, and habits, are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured.

Question 31

Territorial

Answer 31

Prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise, and play.

Question 32

Unconditioned Response

Answer 32

A simple reflex behavior.

Question 33

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 33

Sensory input that produces a simple reflex behavior.

Question 34

Wobble

Answer 34

A training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand it’s perched upon.