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TLE (Q3) > Lesson 1: Pre-Harvest Operations > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Pre-Harvest Operations Flashcards

1
Q

The most awaited part of crop production

A

Harvest time

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2
Q

A careful and cautious parting of a commodity from the parent plant

A

Havesting

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3
Q

Pertain to sequential activities in a farm that occur before crop products are sold in the market

A

Preharvest operation

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4
Q

Watering of Crops

A
  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Transpiration
  3. Respiration
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5
Q

Refers to the conversion of light to chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

Pertains to the various movements of water in the plant from entering through the roots and exiting through the stomata

A

Transpiration

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7
Q

The process by which plants stay alive by releasing energy from carbohydrates for metabolic needs and represented by the formula

A

Respiration

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8
Q

Formula

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

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9
Q

Frail leafy vegetables are often caused by too much _________ or water applied, thus increasing its tendency to __________

A

Irrigation, Deteriorate

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10
Q

The absence of irrigation or minimal water application to crops can lead to

A

low juice content and thick skin in citrus fruits

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11
Q

The growth cracks or the secondary growth in some crops, like potatoes, are prevailing effects of a dry condition that is followed by

A

rain or irrigation

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12
Q

Cultivation Practice

A
  1. Weed control
  2. Crop hygiene
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13
Q

The presence of unwanted plants of weeds in the garden can cause nutrient deficiencies of crops as these weeds compete with crops for nutrients and soil moisture

A

Weed control

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14
Q

The collection and removal of decaying plant residues, deadwood, and decaying or mummified fruit

A

Crop hygiene

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15
Q

The application of some _________ _________ can help the planrs achieve utmost productivity

A

Agricultural chemicals

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16
Q

Used as aids to control weeds, diseases, and insect pests in crops. It can damage the crops by producing spray burns and can possibly leave poisonous residues on produce after harvest

A

Chemicals like pesticides and herbicides

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17
Q

Applying these chemicals promote uniform ripening that improves the marketability of fruits

A

Applying growth-regulating chemicals

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18
Q

Deciding when to harvest the crops is a __________

A

Critical factor

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19
Q

The time when crops are ready for harvest

A

Harvest maturity

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20
Q

Decribes the way farmers measure or determines crops maturity

A

Maturity index

21
Q

Maturity indices

A
  1. Sight
  2. Touch
  3. Smell
  4. Taste
  5. Resonance
22
Q

Farmers consider the color, size, and shape of fruit crops

A

Sight

23
Q

Farmers look into the texture (hardness or softness) of the fruit crops

A

Touch

24
Q

Farmers based the maturity of crops by smelling the fruits’ scent or aroma

A

Smell

25
Q

Farmers based the maturity kf fruit crops through their taste like sweetness, sourness, and bitterness

A

Taste

26
Q

Farmers determine the maturity of fruit crops through their sound when tapped

A

Resonance

27
Q

Can be harvested when their green tops collapse

A

Bulb onions

28
Q

Can be harvested when their green tops die off

A

Potatoes

29
Q

Like native mango and banana, turn yellow when ripe

A

Dark green fruits

30
Q

Change their skin texture so that their segments spread apart when fruits are ready to be harvested

A

Ripe sugar apples

31
Q

Produce a hollow sound when tapoed and emit a strong odor upon maturity

A

Avocado, cacao, and durian

32
Q

Harvest Equipment

A
  1. Bulk bins and picking trailers
  2. Containers
  3. Digging sticks and forks
  4. Knives
  5. Ladders
  6. Mechanical harvester
  7. Pruning shears
33
Q

Aid in transporting crops from orchards

A

Bulk bins and picking trailers

34
Q

Are used to collect picked crops. Receptacles like crates, bins, baskets, and bags are examples of this.

A

Containers

35
Q

Used to harvest root and tuber crops like sweet potato, yam, and cassave

A

Digging sticks and forks

36
Q

Must be sharp and clean at all times to give a clean cut

A

Knives

37
Q

Are applicable to used when harvesting crops that are too high to gather

A

Ladders

38
Q

Are used in harvesting crops for large-scale production like grains, fruits, and vegetables produced for industrial purposes

A

Mechanical harvesters

39
Q

Used to cut the stem of the fruits as close to the button or calyx as possible without wounding the shoulders of the fruits

A

Pruning shears

40
Q

Common methods of fruit harvesting

A
  1. Snap picking
  2. Clipping
41
Q

Manual method of fruit-harvesting where the fruit is twisted off sharply by hand without using any fruit gathering implement like pruning shears. Often done to tomatoes and other crops.

A

Snap picking

42
Q

Specifically designed pruning shears to cut the stem of the fruit

A

Clipping

43
Q

Cut using a knife from the root at the base of the head as close to as possible to the soil surface

A

Leafy vegetables

44
Q

The stalk of that attached the leaf blade to the stem

A

Petioles

45
Q

Use a ladder or a harvesting stick to drop the fruits on a soft surface or net

A

Tree crops

46
Q

General Tips on Harvesting Crops

A
  1. Ideally, harvesting crops should be done in the morning
  2. Inspect the equipment before using it
  3. When working with machinery, farmworkers should not touch any machines unless they are trained to do so
  4. Proper care in harvesting is necessary to avoid bruises or injuries while reaping the crops
  5. The harvested crops should be dropped carefully inside a bag or a bin to avoid physical damages
  6. All farmworkers should practice strict personal hygiene
47
Q

Wearing improper footwear makes the farmer’s feet vulnerable to ?

A

Accidents such as harvesting bins that are accidentally dropped on a farmer’s foot

48
Q

Personal hygiene and health in handling harvested crops

A
  1. Important to wash your hands
  2. When you are involved in packing and further processing of the crop products, wear a hairnet. Also, wear a mask to cover your mouth and nose.
  3. When you are not feeling well due to severe colds or other sicknesses, inform the farm owners
  4. If you have open wounds, cover them with a cloth or a bandage
  5. If your fellow farmworkers are not complying with the rules set by the farm owner, report them immediately

TLE (Q3) (2 decks)

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