LESSON 2 Flashcards
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER MADE USE OF
Punched cards
Paper tape
Vacuum tube
The computers of the__________ were very bulky and emitted a large amount
of heat which required air conditioning. They were large and cumbersome to handle.
They had to be manually assembled and had limited commercial use. The concept of operating systems was not known at that time.
Each computer had a different binary-coded program
called a machine language that told it how to operate.
first generation
which emerged about 5000 years ago in Asia Minor and is still in use
today, allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on
a rack. Early merchants used _______ to keep trading transactions.
Abacus
_____________a French mathematician invented the first mechanical machine, a
rectangular brass box, called ________which could perform addition and subtraction on
whole numbers.
BLAISE PASCAL
PASCALINE
_________, a Frenchman invented the
machine that could perform the four basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Colmar’s mechanical calculator, “__________
Colmar
Arithmometer
a British mathematician at Cambridge University invented the
first analytical engine or difference engine.
e is known as ‘the father of the modern
digital computer”.
Charles Babbage
This was the first fully automatic calculating machine. It was designed by __________of Harvard University in collaboration with IBM
MARK I
HOWARD AIKEN
This computer developed by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry was the world’s first
general-purpose electronic digital computer. It made use of vacuum tubes for internal
logic and capacitors for storage.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
The first all-electronic computer was produced by a partnership between the US
Government and the University of Pennsylvania. It was built using 18,000 vacuum tubes,
70,000 resistors, and 1,500 relays and consumed 140 kilowatts of electrical power. The
ENIAC computed at speed about a thousand times faster than Mark I.
ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator)
In the mid-1940’s Dr. John von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic Computer with a memory to store both program and data. This was
the first machine that used the stored program concept. It had five distinct units -
arithmetic, central control, memory, input, and output. The key element was the central
control. All the functions of the computer were co-ordinated through this single source,
the central control. The programming of the computers was done in machine language
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
Remington Rand designed this computer specifically for business data processing
applications. The Universal Automatic Computer was the first general-purpose
commercially available computer.
UNIVAC I Universal automatic Computer
WHAT GENRATION
Vacuum tube technology was replaced by transistorized technology,
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Size of the computers started reducing,
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Assembly language started being used in place of machine language,
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The concept of the stored-program emerged.
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High-level languages were invented
SECON GENERATION
This was the generation of Transistorized Computers.
SECOND GEN
The_________ concept implied that the
instructions to run a computer for a specific task were held inside the computer’s memory
and could quickly be modified or replaced by a different set of instructions for a different
function.
stored program
WHAT GENERATION?
Use of Integrated circuits,
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The phenomenal increase in computation speed,
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Substantial reduction in size and power consumption of the machines,
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Use of magnetic tapes and drums for external storage,
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Design-of Operating systems and new higher-level languages,
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Commercial production of computers
THIRD GENERATION
