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RHS Level 2 > Lesson 2 Section 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six essential Macronutrients?

A 
Nitrogen
Phosphorus 
Potassium 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Sulphur
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2
Q

Name 6 Micronutrients?

A 
Baron (B)
Iron (FE)
Copper (Cu)
Manganese (Mn)
Zinc (Zn)
Molybdenum (Mu)
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3
Q

What is the key role of nitrogen in plant nutrition?

A

Nitrogen is essential for young healthy growth of stems and leaves.
Nitrogen is essential in the formation of Chlorophyll.

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4
Q

Name 2 organic & 2 inorganic sources of nitrogen?

A

Organic : 1. Fish Meal 2. Farmyard Manure (fym)

Inorganic : Ammonium Sulphate & Nitrate of Soda

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency?

A

Weak or stunted growth esp. in spring
Leaves small and CHLOROTIC sometimes distorted. Leading to yellowing or Reddish colouration before premature leaf drop.
Stems can be red or purple due to Anthocyanin production.
Decrease in the size and quantity of fruit produced.

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of excessive nitrogen in plants

A

Lots of leafy dark green sappy growth
Foliage easily damaged by frosts and pests
New wood takes longer to ripen from green to brown.

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7
Q

What is the key role if Phosphorus?

A

The production of healthy roots

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8
Q

Where is phosphorus is found in soil and how is it released?

A

Phosphorus is found in organic matter and hummus and is released into the soil through microbial activity primarily as phosphates

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9
Q

What is meant by the term Fixed in relation to phosphates and what is the optimal PH required by plants to be able to absorb phosphorus?

A

Phosphates can become Fixed meaning they are unavailable for plants to use this occurs in highly acid or alkaline soils the optimum PH is between 6 & 7

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10
Q

Why is phosphorus important to plants

A

It is required for cell division and the development of the MERISTEM tissue. It is a constituent in EVERY LIVING CELL. It is involved in the production of protein. It occurs within the Protoplasm. Organic phosphates also aid respiration

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11
Q

Give examples of organic and inorganic phosphorus

A

Inorganic- Superphosphate
Organic - Rock Phosphate
Bone Meal

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency?

A

Slow growth
Dull yellow or even purple & red in older foliage
Poor root growth & cropping

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13
Q

What is the key role of potassium?

A

Crucial for flower, fruit and seed development

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14
Q

Which minerals is Potassium present in?

A

Feldspars
Micas
Clay minerals eg montmorillonite
Within salt minerals in Chile

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15
Q

What is potassium used for in plants

A 
It’s required for all cell metabolic processes.
It contributes to photosynthesis
It affects Respiration
It plays a role in plant Turgor
It regulates Stomata
It is mostly found in the cell Vacuole
It is an osmotic regulator
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16
Q

What is potassium known for?

A

Increased hardiness and disease resistance by thickening cell walls

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17
Q

State some organic and inorganic forms of potassium

A 
Organic
Manures
Rock potash
Seaweed Meal
Wood ash
Comfrey

Inorganic
Sulphate of potash
Potassium nitrate
Muriate of potash

18
Q

Which letter is used to represent potassium?

A

K

19
Q

What are the symptoms of potassium deficiency?

A

Yellow/ purplish leaf tints with browning at the edges of older foliage
Poor flowering and friut
Plants less hardy

20
Q

What is the Key role of Calcium

A

It contributes to development and structure of cell walls

21
Q

Where is calcium found in mineral form?

A

In chalk or limestone

22
Q

Which type of plants require more calcium

Dicots or Monocots?

A

Dicotyledons require more calcium

23
Q

What are the symptoms of calcium deficiency?

A

New leaves often deformed, cupped and often yellow
Old leaves become thickened
Roots brown and stubby
Often a lack of water can hinder the plants ability to absorb calcium

24
Q

What is a good example of Calcium deficiency?

A

Blossom end rot of tomatoes

25
Q

What is the key role of Magnesium?

A

Magnesium is a crucial mineral for the making of Chlorophyll

26
Q

What is magnesium used for in plants

A

Synthesis of Chlorophyll and as an

Enzyme activator for phosphorus mobility

27
Q

Where is magnesium found

A

It is usually found within the mineral fraction of soil usually associated with the clay fraction.

28
Q

What are the symptoms of magnesium deficiency

A

Yellowing of leaves between veins - interveinal chlorosis or CHLOROTIC leaves

29
Q

What is the key role of Iron

A

Chlorophyll production

30
Q

Where is iron found in plants

A

In the chloroplasts

31
Q

Symptoms of Iron deficiency

A

Similar to that of magnesium deficiency in the leaves become CHLOROTIC in severe iron deficiency leaves may even become ivory

32
Q

Which soils are often iron deficient

A

Alkaline soils are often iron deficient

33
Q

Why is soil PH important

A

Because it influences:

  • Solubility of cations (+ve ions) and anions (-ve ions) in soil solution which relates to soil fertility
  • weathering of mineral compounds
  • Plant root growth and development
  • Soil microbial activity
34
Q

What is FLOCCULATION?

A

When lime is applied to acidic soil to raise the pH and increase alkalinity it can also improve soil structure by the phenomenon called FLOCCULATION the lime causes hummus and clay particles to clump together ultimately creating larger pores for air and water giving improved root growth and development

35
Q

What is the best pH range for general gardening

A

5.5 - 7.5

36
Q

What sort of scale is ph and what does this mean?

A

Ph is a LOGARITHMIC scale which runs from 0 - 14 (acid - alkaline) increase 10 x by each digit. i.e pH5 is 10 x more acidic than pH6 and 100x more acidic than pH7!!!

37
Q

Which soils are more acid or alkaline

A

Chalk soils often have a high alkaline pH

Whereas Peaty fens are more acidic with a lower pH

38
Q

What is the pH of water

A

7 neutral

39
Q

What is the oH of soap

A

9 Alkaline

40
Q

What pH is Lemon juice

A

3 acidic

RHS Level 2 (1 decks)

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