LESSON 3

Question 1

○ Increased size
○ The organ will become larger

Answer 1

HYPERTROPHY

Question 1

○ Increased cell number
○ size can still be the same, but for the number of
cells, it is increased.

Answer 1

HYPERPLASIA

Question 2

Decreased size and number

Answer 2

ATROPHY

Question 3

○ Change in one cell type to another
○ It can be the type of epithelial tissue or the type of
connective tissue

Answer 3

METAPLASIA

Question 4

○ Abnormality of cells development

Answer 4

DYSPLASIA

Question 5

Occurs on cells that are not capable of dividing.
● Increased cell size → increased organ size
➔ Can be physiologic or it can be pathologic

Answer 5

HYPERTROPHY

Question 6

Stimulated by hormone, so once the
hormone is increase, therefore, the
function demand is also increase

Answer 6

True Hypertrophy

Question 7

Due to excessive accumulation of
metabolites
■ Metabolites are increased

Answer 7

False Hypertrophy

Question 8

■ Occured in organs that are paired
■ Example: Kidney

Answer 8

Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 9

The cause for hypertrophy can be _____________________________

Answer 9

due to increased
functional demand or the hormone is stimulated.

Question 10

Adaptive response of the cells that are capable of replication.
➔ The number of cells will increase and the mass or the weight
of the organ will also increase.

Answer 10

HYPERPLASIA

Question 11

FACTORS OF HYPERPLASIA

Answer 11

Hormonal
Compensatory

Question 12

Decreased (in both) Cell Size & Number → Reduced
Tissue/Organ Size

Due to decreased protein synthesis, and increased
protein degradation

Answer 12

ATROPHY

Question 13

_____________ is for patients who are malnourished.

Answer 13

Starvation Atrophy

Question 14

______________wherein the left side of the brain
(encircled red in the photo) has shrinked compared to the
other side. This is due to ischemia or the blood supply has
been cut off

Answer 14

Vascular Atrophy

Question 15

will happen to the vagina and the
uterus of a female after menopause.

Answer 15

Loss of Endocrine
Hormone Stimulation

Question 16

is due to
the increase in pressure due to blockage of ureter.

Answer 16

Pressure Atrophy (Hydrophenosis)

Question 17

Change in one cell type to another

Answer 17

METAPLASIA

Question 18

TYPES OF METAPLASIA

Answer 18

1. Epithelial
2. Mesenchymal

Question 19

It will release a mucus that can neutralize the
acidity in the esophagus.

Answer 19

goblet cells

Question 20

Malformation, to create, to form

Answer 20

DYSPLASIA

Question 21

Example of DYSPLASIA

Answer 21

Pap smear / biopsies

Question 22

➔____________: starts to swell
➔_______________: Inflammation spreads further in the uterus
➔ ____________: half of the cervix is already inflamed which will
later on result into further bleeding
➔ Asymptomatic

Answer 22

Early stage
Late stage IB
Stage IIB

Question 23

4 MICROSCOPIC CHANGES SEEN IN DYSPLASTIC CELL

Answer 23

1. ANISOCYTOSIS
2. POIKILOCYTOSIS
3. HYPERCHROMATISM
4. PRESENCE OF MITOTIC FIGURES

Question 24

➔ Cells are unequal in size

Answer 24

1. ANISOCYTOSIS

Question 25

➔ Cells are abnormal in shape

Answer 25

POIKILOCYTOSIS

Question 26

➔ Cells are darkly pigmented; absorb stains more
due to the increased amount of RNA on that
specific tissue

Answer 26

3. HYPERCHROMATISM

Question 27

➔ Indicative of an unusual number of cells that are
currently dividing

Answer 27

PRESENCE OF MITOTIC FIGURES

Question 28

shrinkage in the cell size & number

Answer 28

Atrophy

Question 29

• increase in cell number (normal in size)

Answer 29

Hyperplasia

Question 30

no. of cells are still the same but the size is
larger

Answer 30

Hypertrophy

Question 31

• a change from one tissue to another, it can be
  epithelial, mesenchymal, or connective tissue; forms a
  circular-shaped cell

Answer 31

Metaplasia

Question 32

malformation, sizes/shape are not uniform, late
in development

Answer 32

Dysplasia