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BACTERIOLOGY > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q

 Gram-positive bacteria many species with branching filaments
 Relatively slow growth on laboratory media
 Opportunistic pathogens producing diverse infla

A

Genus Actinobacteria, Nocardia and Dermatophilus

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2
Q

o anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic
o morphologically heterogeneous
o non-spore-forming, non-motile
o modified Ziehl-Neelsen-negative (MZN)
o colonize mucous membranes o require enriched growth media for growth
o usual habitat: mucous membranes of animals

A

Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium and Actinobaculum species

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3
Q

Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium and Actinobaculum species

A

Trueperella pyogenes <– Arcanobacterium pyogenes 
Corynebacterium pyogenes Actinomyces pyogenes

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4
Q

o aerobic, non-motile
o Gram-positive
o spores from aerial filaments
o growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
o modified Ziehl-Neelsen-positive (MZN) due to mycolic acid in cell wall o soil saprophytes o long, slender, branching filaments with a tendency to fragment into rods and cocci in smears.

A

 Nocardia species

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5
Q

o Gram-positive, filamentous and branching o aerobic and capnophilic
o motile coccal zoospores about 1.5μm in diameter.
o no growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
o found in scabs and in foci on skin of carrier animals

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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6
Q

associated with equine nocardiform placentitis, leading to loss of the foal in approximately 50% of cases.

A

 Crossiella equi

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7
Q

CLASS : Actinobacteria
ORDER:

A

Actinomycetalis

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8
Q

CLASS: Actinobacteria
ORDER: Actinomycetalis
SUBORDER:?

A

Actinomycinaeae
Corynebacterinaeae
Micrococcinaeae
Pseudonocardinaeae

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9
Q

CLASS: Actinobacteria
ORDER: Actinomycetalis. FAMILY:?
SUBORDER: Actinomycinaeae- ?
Corynebacterinaeae-?
Micrococcinaeae-?
Pseudonocardinaeae -?

A

Actinomycetaceae
Corynebacteriaceae
Derrmatophilaceae
Pseudonocardiaceaea

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10
Q

FAMILY: Actinomycetaceae
GENUS:

A

Actinomyces

Actinobaculum
Arcanobacterium

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11
Q

Corynebacteriaceae

A

Mycobacterium
Corynebacterium

Rhodococcus
Nocardia

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12
Q

Derrmatophilaceae

A

Dermatophilus

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13
Q

Actinomyces

A

A. bovis
A. viscosus
A. hordeovulneris

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14
Q

Actinobaculum

A

A. suis

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15
Q

Arcanobacterium

A

A. pyogenes

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16
Q

Mycobacterium

A

M. bovis
M. avium
M. paratuberculosis

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17
Q

Corynebacterium

A

C. pseudotubercolusis
C. pilosum
C. renali

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18
Q

Rhodococcus

A

R. equi

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19
Q

Nocardia

A

N. asteroides
N. farcinica
Other Nocardia species

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20
Q

Dermatophilus

A

D. congolensis

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21
Q

Family: Pseudonocardiaceaea
Genus:

A

Crosiella

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22
Q

Crosiella

A

C. equi

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23
Q

Table 2 Comparative phenotypic features of actinobacteria of veterinary importance
Pg. 24

A
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24
Q

Arcanobacterium pyogenes Cattle, sheep, pigs Abscessation, mastitis, suppurative pneumonia, endometritis, pyometra,
arthritis, umbilical infections
SPECIES :
HOST:

A

Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Cattle, sheep, pigs

25
Q

Cutaneous and visceral abscessation,
pleuritis, peritonitis, arthritis

S?H?

A

Actinomyces hordeovulneris
Dogs

26
Q

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
S?H?

A

A. bovis
Cattle

27
Q

Canine actinomycosis:
– cutaneous pyogranulomas
– pyothorax and proliferative pyogranulomatous pleural lesions
– disseminated lesions (rare)
S?H?

A

A. viscosus
Dogs

28
Q

Cutaneous pustules
S? H?

A

A. viscosus

Horses

29
Q

Abortion

A

A. viscosus
Cattle

30
Q

Pyogranulomatous mastitis

A

Actinomyces species
(unclassified)
Pigs

31
Q

Poll evil and fistulous withers

A

Actinomyces species
(unclassified)

Horses

32
Q

Cystitis, pyelonephritis

A

Actinobaculum suis
Pigs

33
Q

Table 4 Phenotypic differentiation of Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium and Actinobaculum species of veterinary importance.
Characteristics Actinomyces bovis Actinomyces viscosus Actinomyces hordeovulneris Arcanobacterium pyogenes Actinobaculum suis
Page 26

A
34
Q

Trueperrela pyogenes pruduces

A

Pyolisin
haemolytic exotoxin

35
Q

Trueperrela pyogenes produces pyolisin, haemolytic exotoxin which is______ or several cell types including neutrophils and macrophages, and is dermonecrotic and lethal for laboratory animals.
adhesins

A

Cytolytic

36
Q

 T. pyogenes also produces_________such as neuraminidases, and other extracellular matrix-binding proteins and fimbriae, that are thought to assist in______ of the organism to host tissues, probably by exposing hidden host cell receptors for other adhesins.

A

Adhesins
adherence

37
Q

 _________ also produces adhesin such as _______, and other extracellular matrix-binding proteins and fimbriae, that are thought to assist in adherence of the organism to host tissues, probably by exposing hidden host cell receptors for other adhesins.

A

T. pyogenes
neuraminidases

38
Q

 ____ is by inhalation but it may also occur through skin wounds or via the teat canal. An intestinal form of nocardiosis may result from ingestion of the organisms.

A

Nocardia sp.

39
Q

 ____________ survive intracellularly. The production of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall confer resistance to microbiocidal activity of phagocytes.

A

Virulent strains of N. asteroides

40
Q

________________________, when activated, produce germ tubes and these develop into filaments which invade the epidermis.Invasion leads to an acute inflammatory response characterized by large numbers of neutrophils which ultimately form microabscesses in the epidermis. A cyclical pattern of invasion of regenerating epithelial cells by the pathogen, together with serous exudation and microabscess formation, leads to the development of raised scablike crusts containing numerous branching filaments. Factors that depress specific immune responses, including intercurrent diseases and pregnancy, may increase host susceptibility to dermatophilosis.

A

Dermatophilus congolensis zoopores

41
Q

 Species of animal affected, clinical presentation and type and location of lesions may suggest the species involved.

A

Actinomycetaceae

42
Q

 Specimens suitable for laboratory procedures include exudates, aspirates and tissue samples for culture and histopathology.
 Gram-staining or modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN)

A

Actinomycetaceae

43
Q

 Histopathological examination of specimens from lesions caused by A. bovis reveals aggregates of filamentous organisms surrounded by eosinophilic clubshaped structures.
 Isolation and identification of bacteria from cell culture.

A

Actinomycetaceae

44
Q

Actinomycetaceae Identification criteria for isolates:

A

 Colonial characteristics
 Morphology in stained smears
 Presence or absence of haemolysis on blood agar
 Absence of growth on MacConkey agar – Presence or absence of growth when subcultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar Pitting of a Loeffler’ s serum slope ( T. pyogenes) Urease production (A. suis).

45
Q

 Specimens suitable for laboratory examination include exudates, aspirates, mastitic milk, tissue from granulomas and fixed tissue for histopathology to reveal clusters of nocardial filaments

A

Nocardia sp.

46
Q

 Gram-staining and MZN methods
 Bacterial culture on blood agar or on selective growth-enhancing media such as charcoal– yeast extract medium

A

Nocardia sp.

47
Q

Nocardia sp. Identification criteria for isolates:

A

 Colonies on blood agar are usually visible after incubation for about 5 days. They are white, powdery and firmly adherent to the agar. Colonies are variably haemolytic and odourless.
 Subculture on to Sabouraud dextrose agar yields dry, wrinkled, orangecoloured colonies after incubation for up to 5 days.
 Gram-stained smears from colonies show some filamentous forms with a preponderance of rod and coccal forms.

48
Q

 is a frequently used method for identification of nocardial species.

A

DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene

49
Q

 Specimens suitable for laboratory examination include scab material and samples of skin fixed in formalin.
 Giemsa staining to reveal the characteristic branching filaments containing zoospores
 Culture using a sample from the surface of the water containing motile zoospores

A

Dermatophilosis

50
Q

Dermatophilosis
 Identification criteria:

A

 After incubation for 48 hours, colonies are up to 1 mm in diameter, yellow and haemolytic. When incubated for 3 to 4 days, they become rough, golden-yellow and embedded in the agar. Older colonies may have a mucoid appearance.
 Giemsa-stained smears from colonies reveal solidly staining filaments.
 Growth does not occur on Sabouraud dextrose agar.
 Molecular diagnosis by PCR

51
Q

 Infections with ____________: an opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of suppurative lesions in many domestic species worldwide, especially cattle, pigs and sheep.

Usual cases: lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis and neural abscessation; or pyometra, metritis and acute mastitis (summer mastitis) in cows.
Dx: Gram-staining, isolation from cell culture or Pitting of a Loeffler’ s serum slope.
Tx: macrolides and tetracyclines.

A

Trueperella pyogenes

52
Q

 __________: caused by Actinomyces viscosus which result to subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and extensive fibrovascular proliferation on the peritoneal or pleural surfaces with sanguinopurulent exudate in the affected cavity. The thoracic lesions closely resemble those of canine nocardiosis. The main clinical finding is respiratory distress.
Tx: penicillin.

A

Canine actinomycosis

53
Q

 ______________________: caused by Actinomyces bovis which result to chronic rarefying osteomyelitis following trauma to the mucosa from rough feed or through dental alveoli during tooth eruption.
Dx: clinical signs, radiography.
Tx: surgery, penicillin, or isoniazid.

A

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

54
Q

: This specific disease, which affects the urinary tract of pregnant sows, is transmitted at coitus and is potentially fatal.

A

Porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis

55
Q

_______ can be isolated from the prepuce and preputial diverticulum of healthy boars but not from the urogenital tract of healthy sows. Boars are rarely affected clinically and sows usually develop evidence of disease  3 to 4 weeks after mating. Anorexia, arching of the back, dysuria and haematuria are prominent signs. If both kidneys are extensively damaged, death may result.

A

Actinobaculum suis,

56
Q

_________ are usually confined to the epidermis. Dx: clinical signs and lesions. Tx: Penicillin-Streptomycin

A

 Infections with D. congolensis

57
Q

 Nocardia sp. infections: see Table 5. Dx: similar to actinomycosis. Tx:
Amikacin, imipenem-cilastatin and cotrimoxazole

A
58
Q

Table 5 Disease conditions produced by Nocardia species in domestic animals.
Species. Host Disease conditions

A

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BACTERIOLOGY (11 decks)

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