LESSON 4

Question 1

is a protective universal
response to tissue damage (mechanical trauma,
tissue necrosis, infection)

Answer 1

INFLAMMATION

Question 2

Body’s response to infection
◆ There is an increase in temperature to kill
microorganism
◆ A response that induces inflammation
◆ Sometimes, there is no swelling but there is
an increase in temperature to indicate that it
will further lead to inflammation.

Answer 2

INFLAMMATION

Question 3

It is described by Celsius.
refers to the first or major symptoms of
a disease.

Answer 3

CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION

Question 4

it is only apparent to the
patient.

Answer 4

Symptoms

Question 5

Cardinal Signs: (Latin words)
1. _______ – Redness
2. ______ – Heat
3. _______-– Swelling
4. _______– Pain
5. _________ – Loss of Function

Answer 5

Cardinal Signs: (Latin words)
1. Rubor – Redness
2. Calor – Heat
3. Tumor – Swelling
4. Dolor – Pain
5. Functio laesa – Loss of Function

Redness → heat → swelling → pain →
loss of function

Question 6

Why is there heat (calor)?

Answer 6

Because there is capillary
widening or vasodilation, where the capillary is
expanding and will result in an increase in blood flow,
which is why heat occurs. (kaya mainit)

Question 7

______________ means that water can enter and
escape quickly (ease of passage), and its
effect is where fluid is released into the
tissues.

Answer 7

Permeability

Question 8

Increased diameter of blood
vessels → Increased blood flow
to the area → Erythema (heat
and redness on site of infection)

Answer 8

Vasodilation

Question 9

Lack of blood
flow in the certain area

Answer 9

Ischemia

Question 10

Increased vascular permeability
→ Edema (extravasion of liquid
portion of blood)

Answer 10

III. Endothelial
Activation

Question 11

WBC enters site of injury

Answer 11

Neutrophil
Activation

Question 12

SEQUENTIAL STEPS OF A TYPICAL
INFLAMMATORY REACTION

Answer 12

1. Recognition of stimulus
2. Recruitment of WBCs and proteins to site
3. Removal of stimulus
4. Regulation of response
5. Repair

Recognition → recruitment → removal →
regulation → repair.

Question 13

understand what the situation
is and what are needed

Answer 13

Recognition

Question 14

recruit cells that are needed

Answer 14

Recruitment

Question 15

(removal of stimulus)
– monocyte and/or granulocytes kills the
microbes. They kill the organism and also
mount the degrees
➔ After the WBCs are called, removal
of stimulus will happen.

Answer 15

Elimination of microbes

Question 16

produce broad factors to which they
produce new cells to the damaged area.

Answer 16

Plasma proteins

Question 17

Local area only (e.g., your arm is
wounded, so only your arm will have inflammation)

Answer 17

Localized

Question 18

Widespread; “buong katawan ang
inflammation”

Answer 18

Generalized

Question 19

It means organ system. It can cause
inflammation of the whole organ system.

Answer 19

Systemic

Question 20

is an example of a localized
inflammation because the infected area specifically
revolves on the tooth only and it’s also an example of
an acute inflammation.

Answer 20

Tooth removal

Question 21

is an example of chronic inflammation
since its medication will take a lot of months (at least
6 months). This condition is also an example of
systemic inflammation because the whole lungs is
affected.

Answer 21

Tuberculosis

Question 22

is the medication for tuberculosis

Answer 22

Rifampicin

Question 23

fluids that are being secreted by the tissue
(it’s not supposed to be released by the tissue, but it
gets secreted by the tissue and it accumulates)

Answer 23

Exudates:

Question 24

.Physiological = ___________
■ Pathological = __________

Answer 24

transudates.
exudates

Question 25

5 Characteristics of Exudates

Answer 25

1. serous
2. fibrinous
3. catarrhal
4. purulent
5. hemorrhagic
   SFCPH

Question 26

Watery; protein-poor (e.g., skin
blisters)
Low protein content = _________
➔ High protein content = __________

Answer 26

Serous
- watery
-viscous

Question 27

Protein-rich (such as fibrinogen)
➔ ________ (Factor XIII)
is a clotting factor

Answer 27

Fibrinous
- fibrinogen

Question 28

Mucus and debris

Answer 28

Catarrhal

Question 29

composed of dead
neutrophils, necrotic cells, and
edema fluid

Answer 29

Pus

Question 30

collection of pus
➔ Suppurative and
purulent is the
production of pus

Answer 30

Abscess

Question 31

RBC leakage

➔ Normal inflammation

Answer 31

hemorrhagic